1. Cha cha changes! Intellectual and Spiritual

2. World around 1450 East Asia South Asia Middle East/Islamic World East Europe West Europe Latin America

3. Change in Europe Renaissance What is it? Yea, you know… Reformation

4. Reformation Reform (hahaha…duh) the Catholic Church Divided the western church: Catholic and Protestant Official beginning? 1517 Where? University of Wittenburg, Germany Why? Humanist application of reason to understand problems within the Church

5. Why Change the Church? Corruption: Papal concern with Italian politics & other “worldly” matters Papal obsession with $$$ and selling of church offices(investiture controversy) Parish priests unaware of duties Relics indulgences

6. Erasmus Christian humanist: “how to live good lives on a daily basis rather than rather than provide a system of beliefs that people have to be practice to be saved.” (pilgrimages, fasts, relics, etc.) Want: spread Christ, provide education, criticize church abuses Did not advocate break with church

7. Martin Luther 11/1/1517: 95 Theses on door of University of Wittenburg Former priest Wanted to fix the church, but by 1520, called for a more serious break 3 solas: scriptura, fide, gratis Spread quickly

8. Other Reformers: Calvin (Geneva): advocated salvation on grace alone, doctrine of predestination Zwingli (Zurich): if the Bible doesn’t say it, don’t do it. John Knox (Scotland)

9. The Politics of Change Germany? England? Within the Catholic Church?

10. In England Henry VIII Former protector and defender of the faith Now, separated from the Church Why? Women Edward VI Mary Elizabeth I

11. Counter Reformation 16 th C., to counter the abuses highlighted by the Reformers Three pillars: The Jesuits Council of Trent Reform of the Papacy

12. Jesuits Purpose: restore and spread Catholicism to Germany, eastern Europe, and rest of the world Used education

13. Council of Trent Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings 1545-1563, 3 sessions Both faith and good works Seven sacraments Clerical celibacy Belief in purgatory indulgences

14. After the Reformation:

15. What other intellectual changes? Science? Philosophy? Education?

16. So…the effect on the world? In Latin America? In Europe?

17. Some Similarities? What are some global processes at work? Some other similarities?