1. Cursors in PL/SQL Includes cursor example and continuation of first cursor example Please use speaker notes for additional information!

2. Explicit cursor When using an explicit cursor in PL/SQL, there are four things that must be accomplished by the programmer: The cursor must be declared The cursor needs to be opened Fetch the results of the query into the variables declared in PL/SQL The cursor needs to be closed

3. DECLARE v_name donor.name%TYPE; v_yrgoal donor.yrgoal%TYPE; v_state donor.state%TYPE; CURSOR donor_cursor IS SELECT name, yrgoal, state FROM donor; BEGIN OPEN donor_cursor; FETCH donor_cursor INTO v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state; WHILE donor_cursor%FOUND LOOP INSERT INTO donor_part VALUES(v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state); FETCH donor_cursor INTO v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state; END LOOP; CLOSE donor_cursor; END; / Explicit cursors SQL> edit cursor1 SQL> @ cursor1 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SELECT * FROM donor_part; NAME YRGOAL ST --------------- --------- -- Stephen Daniels 500 MA Jennifer Ames 400 RI Carl Hersey RI Susan Ash 100 MA Nancy Taylor 50 MA Robert Brooks 50 MA The table donor_part was empty before cursor1 was executed. After running the anonymous block, there are now six records in the table. They correspond to the six records that were in the donor table.

4. Explicit cursor SQL> SELECT * FROM donor; IDNO NAME STADR CITY ST ZIP DATEFST YRGOAL CONTACT ----- --------------- --------------- ---------- -- ----- --------- --------- ------------ 11111 Stephen Daniels 123 Elm St Seekonk MA 02345 03-JUL-98 500 John Smith 12121 Jennifer Ames 24 Benefit St Providence RI 02045 24-MAY-97 400 Susan Jones 22222 Carl Hersey 24 Benefit St Providence RI 02045 03-JAN-98 Susan Jones 23456 Susan Ash 21 Main St Fall River MA 02720 04-MAR-92 100 Amy Costa 33333 Nancy Taylor 26 Oak St Fall River MA 02720 04-MAR-92 50 John Adams 34567 Robert Brooks 36 Pine St Fall River MA 02720 04-APR-98 50 Amy Costa 6 rows selected. SQL> SELECT * FROM donor_part; NAME YRGOAL ST --------------- --------- -- Stephen Daniels 500 MA Jennifer Ames 400 RI Carl Hersey RI Susan Ash 100 MA Nancy Taylor 50 MA Robert Brooks 50 MA Initial FETCH got the first record from the table and put the data into the variables. The INSERT inside the loop put the data from the variables into the new table. The FETCH after the INSERT (the last command in the loop) got the second record from the table and put the data in the variables. The INSERT inside the loop put the data from the variables into the new table. The FETCH after the INSERT (the last command in the loop) got the third record from the table and put the data in the variables. The INSERT inside the loop put the data from the variables into the new table.

5. DECLARE v_name donor.name%TYPE; v_yrgoal donor.yrgoal%TYPE; v_state donor.state%TYPE; CURSOR donor_cursor IS SELECT name, yrgoal, state FROM donor; BEGIN OPEN donor_cursor; FETCH donor_cursor INTO v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state; WHILE donor_cursor%FOUND LOOP INSERT INTO donor_part VALUES(v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state); FETCH donor_cursor INTO v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state; END LOOP; CLOSE donor_cursor; END; / Explicit cursor These are the variable names declared to receive the data from the table. The cursor is created with a select statement. The select statement will be processed by the cursor providing the rows to be processed in the block. The OPEN statement opens or activates the cursor - this means the select is executed to fill the cursor with rows. The FETCH statement gets the first record in the cursor and moves the data to the defined variables. This is the initial FETCH. The FETCH which is the last statement in the loop will get all other records. The WHILE loop will continue to execute while there is still data in the cursor. This is tested with the %FOUND. Note that when the loop is entered, the FETCH of the initial record has already been done. The INSERT statement will insert the data from that record into the table named donor_part. Then it will execute the FETCH which is the last statement in the loop to get the next record. As long as a record is found, the INSERT will be done followed by another FETCH. When the FETCH is unsuccessful, the WHILE will terminate because of donor_cursor%FOUND. When the loop is complete the cursor is closed. INSERT puts a record into donor_part containing the information that the FETCH put into the variables.

6. DECLARE v_name donor.name%TYPE; v_yrgoal donor.yrgoal%TYPE; v_state donor.state%TYPE; CURSOR donor_cursor IS SELECT name, yrgoal, state FROM donor; BEGIN OPEN donor_cursor; FETCH donor_cursor INTO v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state; WHILE donor_cursor%FOUND LOOP IF v_yrgoal > 50 THEN INSERT INTO donor_part VALUES(v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state); END IF; FETCH donor_cursor INTO v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state; END LOOP; CLOSE donor_cursor; END; / Explicit cursor SQL> edit cursor2 SQL> @ cursor2 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SELECT * FROM donor_part; NAME YRGOAL ST --------------- --------- -- Stephen Daniels 500 MA Jennifer Ames 400 RI Susan Ash 100 MA The IF statement only INSERTs records where the year goal is greater than 50. Only the three records shown met the criteria.

7. DECLARE v_name donor.name%TYPE; v_yrgoal donor.yrgoal%TYPE; v_state donor.state%TYPE; CURSOR donor_cursor IS SELECT name, yrgoal, state FROM donor WHERE yrgoal> 50; BEGIN OPEN donor_cursor; FETCH donor_cursor INTO v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state; WHILE donor_cursor%FOUND LOOP INSERT INTO donor_part VALUES(v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state); FETCH donor_cursor INTO v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state; END LOOP; CLOSE donor_cursor; END; / Explicit cursor SQL> edit cursor2a SQL> @ cursor2a PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SELECT * FROM donor_part; NAME YRGOAL ST --------------- --------- -- Stephen Daniels 500 MA Jennifer Ames 400 RI Susan Ash 100 MA Instead of selecting the record after they have been FETCHed with the IF, you can SELECT the records that meet the condition in the CURSOR with the WHERE clause.

8. Explicit cursor DECLARE v_name donor.name%TYPE; v_yrgoal donor.yrgoal%TYPE; v_state donor.state%TYPE; CURSOR donor_cursor IS SELECT name, yrgoal, state FROM donor WHERE yrgoal> 50; BEGIN OPEN donor_cursor; FETCH donor_cursor INTO v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state; LOOP INSERT INTO donor_part VALUES(v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state); FETCH donor_cursor INTO v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state; EXIT WHEN donor_cursor%NOTFOUND; END LOOP; CLOSE donor_cursor; END; / SQL> edit cursor2b SQL> @ cursor2b PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SELECT * FROM donor_part; NAME YRGOAL ST --------------- --------- -- Stephen Daniels 500 MA Jennifer Ames 400 RI Susan Ash 100 MA This code changes to a simple LOOP with an exit based on %NOTFOUND instead of %FOUND.

9. DECLARE v_name donor.name%TYPE; v_yrgoal donor.yrgoal%TYPE; v_state donor.state%TYPE; CURSOR donor_cursor IS SELECT name, yrgoal, state FROM donor; BEGIN OPEN donor_cursor; FETCH donor_cursor INTO v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state; WHILE donor_cursor%ROWCOUNT < 5 AND donor_cursor%FOUND LOOP INSERT INTO donor_part VALUES(v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state); FETCH donor_cursor INTO v_name, v_yrgoal, v_state; END LOOP; CLOSE donor_cursor; END; / Explicit cursor SQL> @ cursor3 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SELECT * FROM donor_part; NAME YRGOAL ST --------------- --------- -- Stephen Daniels 500 MA Jennifer Ames 400 RI Carl Hersey RI Susan Ash 100 MA The while loop will terminate after 4 records have been processed or when no more records are in the cursor. %ROWCOUNT is used to determine when 4 records have been processed.

10. WHILE donor_cursor%ROWCOUNT < 5 AND donor_cursor%FOUND LOOP Logic Rowcount > 4 Stop processing YN No records Stop processing YN Process OR LOGIC: Logic for if row count is > 4 OR there are no more records stop processing. Otherwise process the records. Rowcount < 5 YN Records to process Process YN Stop processing Stop processing AND LOGIC: Logic for if row count is < 5 and there are records to process, process. If either condition is false, do not process.

11. SET SERVEROUTPUT ON DECLARE v_drive_no drive.driveno%TYPE; v_drive_name drive.drivename%TYPE; v_contamt donation.contamt%TYPE; v_tot_contamt cont_info.contamt%TYPE; CURSOR drive_cursor IS SELECT driveno, drivename FROM drive ORDER BY driveno; CURSOR donation_cursor IS SELECT contamt FROM donation WHERE v_drive_no = driveno ORDER BY driveno; BEGIN OPEN drive_cursor; LOOP FETCH drive_cursor INTO v_drive_no, v_drive_name; EXIT WHEN drive_cursor%NOTFOUND; IF donation_cursor%ISOPEN THEN CLOSE donation_cursor; END IF; OPEN donation_cursor; v_tot_contamt := 0; LOOP FETCH donation_cursor INTO v_contamt; EXIT WHEN donation_cursor%NOTFOUND; v_tot_contamt := v_tot_contamt + v_contamt; dbms_output.put_line('The current amount is: '||v_tot_contamt); END LOOP; INSERT into cont_info VALUES(v_drive_no, v_drive_name, v_tot_contamt); CLOSE donation_cursor; END LOOP; CLOSE drive_cursor; END; / SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF Explicit cursor Inner loop that will process the information in the donation cursor. Outer loop that processes the information in the drive table. SQL> edit cursor6a

12. SQL> SELECT * FROM drive; DRI DRIVENAME DRIVECHAIR LASTYEAR THISYEAR --- --------------- ------------ --------- --------- 100 Kids Shelter Ann Smith 10000 0 200 Animal Home Linda Grant 5000 0 300 Health Aid David Ross 7000 0 400 Half Way Robert Doe 0 0 Data and results SQL> SELECT * FROM cont_info; DRI DRIVENAME CONTAMT --- --------------- --------- 100 Kids Shelter 105 200 Animal Home 75 300 Health Aid 20 400 Half Way 0 SQL> @ cursor6a The current amount is: 25 The current amount is: 45 The current amount is: 55 The current amount is: 105 The current amount is: 40 The current amount is: 75 The current amount is: 10 The current amount is: 20 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SELECT * FROM donation 2 ORDER by driveno; IDNO DRI CONTDATE CONTAMT ----- --- --------- --------- 11111 100 07-JAN-99 25 23456 100 03-MAR-99 20 22222 100 14-MAR-99 10 12121 100 04-JUN-99 50 12121 200 23-FEB-99 40 11111 200 12-JUN-99 35 33333 300 10-MAR-99 10 23456 300 14-JUN-99 10

13. drive_cursor 100 Kids Shelter 200 Animal Home 300 Health Aid 400 Half Way CURSOR drive_cursor IS SELECT driveno, drivename FROM drive ORDER BY driveno; Explicit cursor CURSOR donation_cursor IS SELECT contamt FROM donation WHERE v_drive_no = driveno ORDER BY driveno; donation_cursor 25 20 10 50 FETCH drive_cursor INTO v_drive_no, v_drive_name; v_drive_no is now 100 v_drive_name is now Kids Shelter Note that v_drive_no is 100 so only records from donation where driveno = 100 are selected. LOOP FETCH donation_cursor INTO v_contamt; EXIT WHEN donation_cursor%NOTFOUND; v_tot_contamt := v_tot_contamt + v_contamt; END LOOP; v_contamt v_tot_contamt 25 25 20 45 10 55 50 105 SQL> SELECT * FROM cont_info; DRI DRIVENAME CONTAMT --- --------------- --------- 100 Kids Shelter 105 INSERT into cont_info VALUES(v_drive_no, v_drive_name, v_tot_contamt); CLOSE donation_cursor; At this point, the donation_cursor is closed and control returns to the outer loop where a FETCH is done from the drive_cursor getting 200 Animal Home. The inner loop is then entered and the donation cursor is filled with donations for drive number 200.

14. drive_cursor 100 Kids Shelter 200 Animal Home 300 Health Aid 400 Half Way CURSOR drive_cursor IS SELECT driveno, drivename FROM drive ORDER BY driveno; Explicit cursor CURSOR donation_cursor IS SELECT contamt FROM donation WHERE v_drive_no = driveno ORDER BY driveno; donation_cursor 40 35 FETCH drive_cursor INTO v_drive_no, v_drive_name; v_drive_no is now 200 v_drive_name is now Animal Home Note that v_drive_no is 200 so only records from donation where driveno = 200 are selected. LOOP FETCH donation_cursor INTO v_contamt; EXIT WHEN donation_cursor%NOTFOUND; v_tot_contamt := v_tot_contamt + v_contamt; END LOOP; v_contamt v_tot_contamt 40 40 35 75 SQL> SELECT * FROM cont_info; DRI DRIVENAME CONTAMT --- --------------- --------- 100 Kids Shelter 105 200 Animal Home 75 INSERT into cont_info VALUES(v_drive_no, v_drive_name, v_tot_contamt); CLOSE donation_cursor; At this point, the donation_cursor is closed and control returns to the outer loop where a FETCH is done from the drive_cursor getting 300 Health Aid. The inner loop is then entered and the donation cursor is filled with donations for drive number 300.

15. drive_cursor 100 Kids Shelter 200 Animal Home 300 Health Aid 400 Half Way CURSOR drive_cursor IS SELECT driveno, drivename FROM drive ORDER BY driveno; Explicit cursor CURSOR donation_cursor IS SELECT contamt FROM donation WHERE v_drive_no = driveno ORDER BY driveno; donation_cursor 10 FETCH drive_cursor INTO v_drive_no, v_drive_name; v_drive_no is now 300 v_drive_name is now Health Aid Note that v_drive_no is 300 so only records from donation where driveno = 300 are selected. LOOP FETCH donation_cursor INTO v_contamt; EXIT WHEN donation_cursor%NOTFOUND; v_tot_contamt := v_tot_contamt + v_contamt; END LOOP; v_contamt v_tot_contamt 10 10 10 20 SQL> SELECT * FROM cont_info; DRI DRIVENAME CONTAMT --- --------------- --------- 100 Kids Shelter 105 200 Animal Home 75 300 Health Aid 20 INSERT into cont_info VALUES(v_drive_no, v_drive_name, v_tot_contamt); CLOSE donation_cursor; At this point, the donation_cursor is closed and control returns to the outer loop where a FETCH is done from the drive_cursor getting 400 Half Way. The inner loop is then entered and the donation cursor is filled with donations for drive number 400.

16. drive_cursor 100 Kids Shelter 200 Animal Home 300 Health Aid 400 Half Way CURSOR drive_cursor IS SELECT driveno, drivename FROM drive ORDER BY driveno; Explicit cursor CURSOR donation_cursor IS SELECT contamt FROM donation WHERE v_drive_no = driveno ORDER BY driveno; donation_cursor FETCH drive_cursor INTO v_drive_no, v_drive_name; v_drive_no is now 400 v_drive_name is now Half Way Note that v_drive_no is 300 so only records from donation where driveno = 300 are selected. LOOP FETCH donation_cursor INTO v_contamt; EXIT WHEN donation_cursor%NOTFOUND; v_tot_contamt := v_tot_contamt + v_contamt; END LOOP; v_contamt v_tot_contamt 0 SQL> SELECT * FROM cont_info; DRI DRIVENAME CONTAMT --- --------------- --------- 100 Kids Shelter 105 200 Animal Home 75 300 Health Aid 20 400 Half Way 0 INSERT into cont_info VALUES(v_drive_no, v_drive_name, v_tot_contamt); CLOSE donation_cursor; At this point, the donation_cursor is closed and control returns to the outer loop where a FETCH is done from the drive_cursor getting no data. Therefore the inner loop is exited and the drive_cursor is closed. No donations to drive 400

17. SET SERVEROUTPUT ON DECLARE v_current_drive_no drive.driveno%TYPE; v_drive_name drive.drivename%TYPE; v_contamt donation.contamt%TYPE; v_tot_contamt cont_info.contamt%TYPE; CURSOR drive_cursor IS SELECT driveno, drivename FROM drive ORDER BY driveno; CURSOR donation_cursor(v_drive_no VARCHAR2) IS SELECT contamt FROM donation WHERE v_drive_no = driveno ORDER BY driveno; BEGIN OPEN drive_cursor; LOOP FETCH drive_cursor INTO v_current_drive_no, v_drive_name; EXIT WHEN drive_cursor%NOTFOUND; IF donation_cursor%ISOPEN THEN CLOSE donation_cursor; END IF; v_tot_contamt := 0; OPEN donation_cursor (v_current_drive_no); LOOP FETCH donation_cursor INTO v_contamt; EXIT WHEN donation_cursor%NOTFOUND; v_tot_contamt := v_tot_contamt + v_contamt; dbms_output.put_line('The current amount is: '||v_tot_contamt); END LOOP; INSERT into cont_info VALUES(v_current_drive_no, v_drive_name, v_tot_contamt); CLOSE donation_cursor; END LOOP; CLOSE drive_cursor; END; / SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF Explicit cursor SQL> edit cursor7a2x In this example the drive_cursor is opened and the first fetch puts the driveno from the first record into v_current_drive_no. Then, when the donation cursor is opened it takes the drive no that is passed to it and opens the donation cursor looking for a match. You could in reality pass any thing you want to the donation_cursor and have the WHERE clause tied to the pass.

18. Explicit cursor SET SERVEROUTPUT ON DECLARE v_current_drive_no drive.driveno%TYPE; v_drive_name drive.drivename%TYPE; v_contamt donation.contamt%TYPE; v_tot_contamt cont_info.contamt%TYPE; CURSOR drive_cursor IS SELECT driveno, drivename FROM drive ORDER BY driveno; CURSOR donation_cursor(v_drive_no NUMBER) IS SELECT contamt FROM donation WHERE TO_CHAR(v_drive_no) = driveno ORDER BY driveno; BEGIN OPEN drive_cursor; LOOP FETCH drive_cursor INTO v_current_drive_no, v_drive_name; EXIT WHEN drive_cursor%NOTFOUND; IF donation_cursor%ISOPEN THEN CLOSE donation_cursor; END IF; v_tot_contamt := 0; OPEN donation_cursor (TO_NUMBER(v_current_drive_no)); LOOP FETCH donation_cursor INTO v_contamt; EXIT WHEN donation_cursor%NOTFOUND; v_tot_contamt := v_tot_contamt + v_contamt; dbms_output.put_line('The current amount is: '||v_tot_contamt); END LOOP; INSERT into cont_info VALUES(v_current_drive_no, v_drive_name, v_tot_contamt); CLOSE donation_cursor; END LOOP; CLOSE drive_cursor; END; / SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF SQL> edit cursor7a2 This example differs from the previous one because it defines the drive number as a numeric and has to deal with appropriate conversion to make the processing work. SQL> SELECT * FROM cont_info; DRI DRIVENAME CONTAMT --- --------------- --------- 100 Kids Shelter 105 200 Animal Home 75 300 Health Aid 20 400 Half Way 0

19. SET SERVEROUTPUT ON DECLARE v_current_drive_no drive.driveno%TYPE; v_drive_name drive.drivename%TYPE; v_lastyear drive.lastyear%TYPE; v_calc drive.lastyear%TYPE; v_contamt donation.contamt%TYPE; v_tot_contamt cont_info.contamt%TYPE; CURSOR drive_cursor IS SELECT driveno, drivename, lastyear FROM drive ORDER BY driveno; CURSOR donation_cursor(v_drive_no VARCHAR2, v_calc NUMBER) IS SELECT contamt FROM donation WHERE v_drive_no = driveno and contamt > v_calc ORDER BY driveno; BEGIN OPEN drive_cursor; LOOP FETCH drive_cursor INTO v_current_drive_no, v_drive_name, v_lastyear; EXIT WHEN drive_cursor%NOTFOUND; IF donation_cursor%ISOPEN THEN CLOSE donation_cursor; END IF; v_calc := v_lastyear/500; v_tot_contamt := 0; OPEN donation_cursor (v_current_drive_no, v_calc); LOOP FETCH donation_cursor INTO v_contamt; EXIT WHEN donation_cursor%NOTFOUND; v_tot_contamt := v_tot_contamt + v_contamt; dbms_output.put_line('The current amount is: '||v_tot_contamt); END LOOP; INSERT into cont_info VALUES(v_current_drive_no, v_drive_name, v_tot_contamt); CLOSE donation_cursor; END LOOP; CLOSE drive_cursor; END; / SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF Explicit cursor SQL> edit cursor9

20. Explicit cursor SQL> SELECT * FROM drive; DRI DRIVENAME DRIVECHAIR LASTYEAR THISYEAR --- --------------- ------------ --------- --------- 100 Kids Shelter Ann Smith 10000 0 200 Animal Home Linda Grant 5000 0 300 Health Aid David Ross 7000 0 400 Half Way Robert Doe 0 0 The first row from the drive brings in 100 Kids Shelter 10000. v_calc is 10000/500 or 20 The drive number of 100 and the calculation of 20 are passed to the donation cursor when the cursor is opened. CURSOR donation_cursor(v_drive_no VARCHAR2, v_calc NUMBER) IS SELECT contamt FROM donation WHERE v_drive_no = driveno and contamt > v_calc ORDER BY driveno; OPEN donation_cursor (v_current_drive_no, v_calc); This means the first four records match drive number 100, but only the first and the fourth have contamt > 20. When 200 and 5000 are passed, the calculation results in 10 and both for 200 meet the 10 criteria. When 300 and 7000 are passed, the calculation results in 14 and while both records meet the 300, neither has a contamt greater than 14. SQL> SELECT * FROM donation 2 ORDER by driveno; IDNO DRI CONTDATE CONTAMT ----- --- --------- --------- 11111 100 07-JAN-99 25 23456 100 03-MAR-99 20 22222 100 14-MAR-99 10 12121 100 04-JUN-99 50 12121 200 23-FEB-99 40 11111 200 12-JUN-99 35 33333 300 10-MAR-99 10 23456 300 14-JUN-99 10

21. SQL> @ cursor9 The current amount is: 25 The current amount is: 75 The current amount is: 40 The current amount is: 75 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SELECT * FROM cont_info; DRI DRIVENAME CONTAMT --- --------------- --------- 100 Kids Shelter 75 200 Animal Home 75 300 Health Aid 0 400 Half Way 0 Explicit cursor SQL> SELECT * FROM donation 2 ORDER by driveno; IDNO DRI CONTDATE CONTAMT ----- --- --------- --------- 11111 100 07-JAN-99 25 23456 100 03-MAR-99 20 22222 100 14-MAR-99 10 12121 100 04-JUN-99 50 12121 200 23-FEB-99 40 11111 200 12-JUN-99 35 33333 300 10-MAR-99 10 23456 300 14-JUN-99 10 SQL> SELECT * FROM drive; DRI DRIVENAME DRIVECHAIR LASTYEAR THISYEAR --- --------------- ------------ --------- --------- 100 Kids Shelter Ann Smith 10000 0 200 Animal Home Linda Grant 5000 0 300 Health Aid David Ross 7000 0 400 Half Way Robert Doe 0 0

22. Explicit cursor SET SERVEROUTPUT ON DECLARE v_drive_no drive.driveno%TYPE; v_drive_name drive.drivename%TYPE; v_contamt donation.contamt%TYPE; v_tot_contamt cont_info.contamt%TYPE; CURSOR drive_cursor IS SELECT driveno, drivename FROM drive ORDER BY driveno; CURSOR donation_cursor IS SELECT contamt FROM donation WHERE v_drive_no = driveno ORDER BY driveno; BEGIN OPEN drive_cursor; FETCH drive_cursor INTO v_drive_no, v_drive_name; WHILE drive_cursor%FOUND LOOP IF donation_cursor%ISOPEN THEN CLOSE donation_cursor; END IF; OPEN donation_cursor; v_tot_contamt := 0; FETCH donation_cursor INTO v_contamt; WHILE donation_cursor%FOUND LOOP v_tot_contamt := v_tot_contamt + v_contamt; dbms_output.put_line('The current amount is: '||v_tot_contamt); FETCH donation_cursor INTO v_contamt; END LOOP; INSERT into cont_info VALUES(v_drive_no, v_drive_name, v_tot_contamt); CLOSE donation_cursor; FETCH drive_cursor INTO v_drive_no, v_drive_name; END LOOP; CLOSE drive_cursor; END; / SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF This shows the initializing fetch and the embedded fetch for the outer WHILE loop. This shows the initializing fetch and the embedded fetch for the inner WHILE loop. SQL> edit cursor7b