2. Kim Patch July 12, 2005 Utter Command: Human-Machine Linguistics, Human-Machine Grammar, and a New Speech Interface

3. Human-machine linguistics Human-Machine Grammar Redstart Systems and Utter Command Demo of Utter Command speech interface software Introduction 1

4. Leverages the way the human brain processes language to make spoken communications with machines fast and efficient Human-Machine Linguistics 2

5. Wording that dovetails with instinct (Bicycles) A concise, easy to remember vocabulary (Talking) Overall framework – rules (Apple peeler) Keys to a successful speech interface 3

6. System of words and rules Designed to limit cognitive effort Easy to learn Doesn’t require computers to decode natural language or handle a large number of synonyms Human-machine grammar 4

7. Words and Rules by Stephen Pinker Linked by Albert-László Barabási The Psychology of Everyday Things by Donald Norman The Humane Interface by Jef Raskin Books that have informed Human-Machine Grammer 5

8. Books – Relevant points Words and Rules - speech involves rules that are built on the way the brain works 6

9. Books – Relevant points Words and Rules - speech involves rules that are built on the way the brain works Linked - the smaller and more connected the vocabulary, the easier it is to remember 7

10. Books – Relevant points Words and Rules - speech involves rules that are built on the way the brain works Linked - the smaller and more connected the vocabulary, the easier it is to remember The Psychology of Everyday Things - difficult to use interfaces usually have design flaws 8

11. Books – Relevant points Words and Rules - speech involves rules that are built on the way the brain works Linked - the smaller and more connected the vocabulary, the easier it is to remember The Psychology of Everyday Things – difficult-to-use interfaces usually have design flaws The Humane Interface - good interfaces follow habit and instinct 9

12. Command-Building Guidelines Match commands to meaning Use words the user sees on the screen when possible Balance ease of saying and ease of remembering Keep commands succinct Don’t use synonyms Conserve words by using multiple meanings 10

13. No synonyms in the Human-machine dictionary "This" is the only word that refers to something that is highlighted or on the clipboard. −e.g. "This Cut", or "This Bold" "Back” and “Forward” are the only words that refer to moving a selection −e.g. "Word Back 3" moves the word nearest the cursor 3 words to the left. 11

14. Conserve words by using more than one meaning: “Top” The word “Top” has two meanings in the Renji dictionary −The beginning of a document e.g. “Go Top” −The top half of a paragraph or document e.g. “Graph Top” 12

15. Conserve words by using more than one meaning: Numbers Number of times to hit a key −"Backspace 3" Selecting an object like a line or paragraph −"3 Lines" Absolute measure −“Volume 50" 13

16. Word Pairs make vocabulary succinct and easy to remember Back, Forward On, Off Before, After Up, Down Long, Short Open, Close 14

17. What do you call the word before the cursor? "3 Befores" selects the three words before the cursor: "3 Afters" selects the three words before the cursor: 15

18. Combined Commands make vocabulary succinct and easy to remember 3 Lines Bold - selects and bolds the three lines below the cursor 3 Graphs Cut – selects and cuts the three paragraphs below the cursor 16

19. Dedicated to promoting Human- Machine Grammar We all use speech First product: Utter Command 17

20. Utter Command Will launch in Fall DNS Pro required Free sample macros available soon at www.redstartsystems.com Sign up for email updates at www. redstartsystems.com 18

21. Conclusion Human-Machine Linguistics Human-Machine Grammar Utter Command 19