1. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 1 Adaptive System Design: Repurposing Museum Content for different User Groups UCLA/Pacific Bell Initiative for 21st Century Literacies Howard Besser UCLA School of Education & Information http://www.newliteracies.gseis.ucla.edu/ http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/

2. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 2 Adaptive System Design: Repurposing Museum Content for different User Groups- _ History, underlying problem/issue _ MOAC _ UCLA/CDL Approach using Adaptive Systems _ Repurposing Other Content

3. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 3 History, underlying problem/issue _ Different ways in which we treat info for internal management vs. visitor access-

4. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 4 Besser, Howard (1997). The Transformation of the Museum and the way it’s Perceived, in Katherine Jones-Garmil (ed.), The Wired Museum, Washington: American Association of Museums, pages 153-169

5. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 5 Museum Online Archive of California (MOAC) _ Difficulty of “merging” records from very different museums _ Leverage external standards and software/processing development _ Adoption of EAD and Finding Aid approach _ Examples & Limitations from MOAC sites-

6. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 6 Examples & Limitations from MOAC sites-

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14. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 14 “John Sutter” (no results); “Sutter” (ambiguous results)

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17. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 17 UCLA/Pacbell Approach: Adaptive Systems _ Profiles for particular user groups (4th grade students, 12th graders, teachers, historians) _ Different user interface, navigation, and vocabulary for each user group _ Only some groups will see the full Finding Aid structure, but all will see brief context

18. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 18 UCLA/Pacific Bell Initiative for 21st Century Literacies _ The User _ Summit _ Policy _ Design Issues & Adaptive Systems _ The Problem and Issues-

19. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 19 21st Century Literacies _ Information Literacy _ Visual Literacy _ Media Literacy _ Cultural Literacy _...

20. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 20 The Problem and Issues _ If we solve Access Problem (technology, bandwidth, training), other impediments to an informed citizenry still remain _ Need critical evaluation of resources (reliability, authoritativeness, thoroughness, recency) _ Need skills to pare down from information overload _ Need critical thinking skills _ Need to deal with different users having different backgrounds and capabilities

21. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 21 Design Issues _ Examine factors that inhibit efficient and effective use of an information system _ Examine how best to design systems to match the literacy levels, technological capabilities, and other characteristics of the user _ Principles, Practices, and Guidelines for Good Design for Facilitating Access (screen design, searching & navigation, metadata & description, info structures & organization, usability testing, …) _ Build Adaptive Systems

22. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 22 Possible Good Design Principles _ Don’t disenfranchise users who have slow processors, older browsers, low bandwidth, visual impairment, etc. _ Clearly note the recency of any information resource _ Make sure that a user can easily determine what organization/agency created or contributed to an information resource

23. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 23 Our Resources related to Good Design Principles _ Screen Design - The visual design of the screen can impact usability. Color, font, the use of images, and layout of screen elements are essential design components. _ Searching and Navigation - Ease of navigation and search/browsing options are critical components of usability. _ Metadata and Description - Good metadata and site description will help users find the appropriate website. _ Information Structures and Organization - How information is organized and categorized shapes access. For systems with an underlying searchable database, the structure of the database itself will determine the outcome of searches. _ Usability Testing - Includes resources on how to evaluate sites and on testing for usability.

24. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 24 Build Adaptive Systems _ Build Systems that adapt the same back-end information to different user profiles (different knowledge bases, different technical capabilities, different cognitive structures) _ User profiles may include advanced researcher in a particular subject area, general undergraduate student, high school student, … _ Different profiles will need different user interfaces, navigation, searching vocabulary, file formats and sizes,...

25. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 25 User Profiles Combination of dimensions and purpose Purpose  Casual user  K12 student, lifelong learner  Information/hobby  Scholar/preservation  Business (Colorado Dig Proj)  Cultural tourist  Casual user  Scholar (CIMI) Design User Interface  Navigation  Browse  Search  Efficient bandwidth use Content Mark-up  Various metadata  Protection features Design functional examples Differing screen arrangements  Differing functional options  Vocabulary mapping  Diminishing image size

26. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 26 Adaptive Systems what they’ll do _ Can serve different audiences (general public, purposeful inquirer [cultural tourist], domain specialist) _ Each profile audience will –see a level of discourse addressed to them –experience a user interface appropriate to their profile –use vocabulary they are familiar with _ Yet all will be using the same back-end set of information

27. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 27 Adaptive Systems how they’ll work _ Passing search terms through a thesaurus to map specialist vocabulary to/from vernacular _ Adapting vocabulary from curatorial language into common discourse; development of markup extensions to EAD/CIMI/CIDOC to allow description for different audiences _ In general, specialized users will experience more text- based interfaces, while general users will experience more graphic/visual interfaces

28. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 28 Adaptive Systems development plan _ Research and experimentation _ Profile several different user communities _ Create an additional information delivery system and compare user utility between it and prior system _ Demonstrate the utility of this approach (proof of concept) for further research and design

29. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 29 Joint CDL/UCLA project _ Use OAC/MOAC and/or JARDA (concentrating on images and Finding Aids that include images) _ Profile and construct a series of different front-ends for different audiences –Front-ends- –Target Audiences- _ Evaluate

30. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 30 Profile and construct a series of different front-ends for different audiences: Front-ends to include _ Screen design for searching and for display _ Browsing, probably with some high-level categorization/grouping _ Searching _ Possibly vocabulary mapped through thesauri

31. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 31 Profile and construct a series of different front-ends for different audiences Target audiences might include _ 4th grade students _ 12th grade students _ 4th grade teachers _ 12th grade teachers _ University faculty _ Some people outside the history/social studies sector

32. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 32 Adaptive Systems Tentative Timeline _ Winter 2002 –Explore literature on interface and searching issues (CO data, CIMI, kids) –Begin working with 12th and 4th grade teachers –Begin discussions with CDL programmers _ Spring 2002 –Pre-test various groups with conventional EAD interface –Mock up and begin testing interface screens and searching strategies _ Summer 2002 –Preliminary implementation and pre-test _ Fall 2002 –Further implementation, full testing, and evaluation

33. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 33 What does this all mean for Museum Professionals? _ Feasibility of Adaptive Systems that deliver the same back-end info tailored to different sets of user needs

34. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 34 Repurposing Other Content _ Content from Howard’s classes-- _ http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/repurposing.html

35. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 35 Adaptive System Design: Repurposing Museum Content for different User Groups UCLA/Pacific Bell Initiative for 21st Century Literacies Howard Besser UCLA School of Education & Information http://www.newliteracies.gseis.ucla.edu/ http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/repurposing.html Besser, Howard (1997). The Transformation of the Museum and the way it’s Perceived, in Katherine Jones-Garmil (ed.), The Wired Museum, Washington: American Association of Museums, pages 153-169

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37. Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 37 Our Resources Website