1. DOMINANCE AND DEPENDANCE RELATIONSHIP THEORY OF URBAN CITIES

2. The relationships of dominance and dependence between world cities and other urban areas Dominance - amount of control some urban places exert over other urban places and the spatial extent of that control; – WS have a long history of dominance, gained through exploration and trade, colonisation and neo-colonisation and through globalisation, based on industry and services – Domination- why? Concentration of control they have over a range of human activities Dependence - the ways in which less powerful urban centres rely upon more powerful urban centres; – Less powerful urban centres increasingly depend upon the influence of the control by more powerful urban centres for: their material wellbeing; the goods and services they need; investment in employment opportunities and infrastructure; information ; culture ; income;

3. NEW YORK V LONDON Cities with virtually the same economies — Massive decline in traditional manufacturing — Dominance of finance, business services — High dependency — Impact of immigration of pay rates — Wide income differentials by US, UK standards — High levels of productivity — “World City” role — Risks of sudden change Overseas-born population – London 1,942,904 (2001) – New York 2,871,032 (2000)