1. Injustice Can Be Described As: Coercively established and maintained:  inequalities,  discrimination, and  dehumanizing, development-inhibiting conditions of living (e.g., slavery, serfdom, and exploitative wage labor;  unemployment,  poverty,  starvation, and

2. Injustice Continued  homelessness;  inadequate health care and education),  imposed by dominant social groups, classes, and peoples upon dominated and exploited groups, classes and people” (Gil, 1998, p. 10).

3. Evidence of Social Injustice Hate Crimes Hate Crimes Racial Inequality Racial Inequality Poverty Poverty Employment and Housing Discrimination Employment and Housing Discrimination Infant Mortality Infant Mortality

4. Injustice includes: Hate crimes – when people are victimized because of their race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, ability, or gender. Hate crimes – when people are victimized because of their race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, ability, or gender. Poverty Poverty Discrimination Discrimination Infant Mortality Infant Mortality Racial and Economic Inequality Racial and Economic Inequality

5. Barriers to Social Justice Prejudice - an attitude that involves judging groups and individuals based on myths and misconceptions. Prejudice - an attitude that involves judging groups and individuals based on myths and misconceptions. Discrimination - is an action that involves treating people differently based on their membership in a group. Discrimination - is an action that involves treating people differently based on their membership in a group. Institutional Discrimination - occurs when discrimination is built into the norms and institutions in society and enforced by those in power. Institutional Discrimination - occurs when discrimination is built into the norms and institutions in society and enforced by those in power.

6. Barriers to Social Justice Oppression - is systematic and pervasive mistreatment of people based on their membership in a certain group. Oppression includes: Oppression - is systematic and pervasive mistreatment of people based on their membership in a certain group. Oppression includes: Racism Racism Sexism Sexism Heterosexism Heterosexism Classism Classism Ableism Ableism Ageism Ageism Anti-Semitism and other forms of religious-based oppression Anti-Semitism and other forms of religious-based oppression

7. People who are members of mainstream or dominant groups have certain privileges built into their lives.

8. Can you think of a way that: People have privilege based on their race? People have privilege based on their race? Men have privilege based on their sex? Men have privilege based on their sex? Able-bodied people have privilege based on their physical or mental ability? Able-bodied people have privilege based on their physical or mental ability? Heterosexuals have privilege based on their sexual orientation? Heterosexuals have privilege based on their sexual orientation?

9. Explanations of Social Injustice Biological Determinism - Social and economic status is biologically determined. People achieve a certain social and economic status based on innate biological characteristics. Biological Determinism - Social and economic status is biologically determined. People achieve a certain social and economic status based on innate biological characteristics. The Socialization Process - People learn from observation. Children do what they see their parents and other adults do. The Socialization Process - People learn from observation. Children do what they see their parents and other adults do.

10. Explanations of Social Injustice Psychological Perspectives - Bias is caused by psychological conditions such as fear of the unknown. Also includes scapegoating and projection. Psychological Perspectives - Bias is caused by psychological conditions such as fear of the unknown. Also includes scapegoating and projection. Sociological Perspectives - Scarce resources and economic insecurity cause conflict between groups. Discrimination and oppression serve economic purposes and benefit those in power. Sociological Perspectives - Scarce resources and economic insecurity cause conflict between groups. Discrimination and oppression serve economic purposes and benefit those in power.

11. Models of Intergroup Relations Melting Pot Melting Pot Cultural Pluralism Cultural Pluralism Separatism Separatism

12. Overcoming Social Injustice Fourteenth Amendment - (1868) No state may "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law." Fourteenth Amendment - (1868) No state may "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law." Fifteenth Amendment - (1870) Gave all men, regardless of race or color, the right to vote. Fifteenth Amendment - (1870) Gave all men, regardless of race or color, the right to vote. Nineteenth Amendment - (1920) Gave women the right to vote. Nineteenth Amendment - (1920) Gave women the right to vote.

13. Overcoming Social Injustice Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Outlaws discrimination and/or segregation in public accommodations and employment on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin and differential treatment of people of color in voter registration. Gave government enforcement power. Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Outlaws discrimination and/or segregation in public accommodations and employment on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin and differential treatment of people of color in voter registration. Gave government enforcement power. Civil Rights Act of 1968 - Added protection against discrimination in housing. Civil Rights Act of 1968 - Added protection against discrimination in housing.

14. Overcoming Social Injustice Age Discrimination in Employment Act - (1967) Protects employees who are 40 years old or over from unequal treatment at work based on age. Additional laws passed since to offer protection in education and benefits. Age Discrimination in Employment Act - (1967) Protects employees who are 40 years old or over from unequal treatment at work based on age. Additional laws passed since to offer protection in education and benefits. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 - Outlaws discrimination against people with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, and public services. Requires "reasonable accommodation" for people with disabilities in work places and public facilities. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 - Outlaws discrimination against people with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, and public services. Requires "reasonable accommodation" for people with disabilities in work places and public facilities.

15. Overcoming Social Injustice Employment Non-Discrimination Act - Not yet passed. Would prohibit employers from using sexual orientation as the basis for employment decisions such as hiring, firing, promotion and compensation. Employment Non-Discrimination Act - Not yet passed. Would prohibit employers from using sexual orientation as the basis for employment decisions such as hiring, firing, promotion and compensation.

16. Overcoming Social Injustice Affirmative Action - Designed to address past inequities in employment and education based on race and sex. Requires organizations to develop plans to diversify their workforces and student bodies and establish timetables for implementation. Affirmative Action - Designed to address past inequities in employment and education based on race and sex. Requires organizations to develop plans to diversify their workforces and student bodies and establish timetables for implementation.

17. Social Work Roles Organizing in oppressed communities Organizing in oppressed communities Advocating for clients’ rights Advocating for clients’ rights Facilitating empowerment Facilitating empowerment Teaching ways to change systems Teaching ways to change systems Supporting clients’ decisions about what is right for their lives Supporting clients’ decisions about what is right for their lives