2. Personal Protective Equipment
Personnel must be protected from the hazards at the scene
OSHA 29 CFR Personal Protective Equipment
OSHA 29 CFR Respiratory Protection
NFPA 472 Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents

3. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Designed to protect the
Skin
Eyes
Face
Hands
Feet
Body
Head
Respiratory System

4. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Must protect the wearer from
Heat
Hazardous materials
Contacting skin, eyes
No single ensemble can protect against all hazards
Must be concerned when choosing PPE
Firefighter turn out gear
Easily penetrated by fumes and vapors

5. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
NFPA 472 identifies three types of protective clothing:
Structural fire-fighting protective clothing
High-temperature protective clothing
Chemical-protective clothing (CPC)

6. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Structural Fire-Fighting Protective Clothing
Protects wearer from
Heat
Moisture
Ordinary hazards associated with structural fire fighting
Helmet
Coat
Pants
Boots
Gloves
PASS Device
Hood

7. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Structural Fire-Fighting Protective Clothing
Provides limited protection against hazardous materials
Neither corrosive-resistant nor vapor-tight
Any liquids can soak through
Acids and bases can dissolve (deteriorate) the outer layers
Gases can penetrate the garment

8. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Structural Fire-Fighting Protective Clothing
Hazardous materials may permeate any protective clothing
Pass through at the molecular level
Remain in the protective equipment
Subjects the wearer to repeated exposures
May render it unsafe for use

9. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Structural Fire-Fighting Protective Clothing
Never clean turn-out gear at
Home
Public laundries
Any place that they might mix with other clothing
Never wear it into
Sleeping areas
Living areas

10. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Structural Fire-Fighting Protective Clothing
Commonly used at hazardous materials incidents when the following conditions are met:
Contact with splashes of extremely hazardous materials is unlikely
Total atmospheric concentrations do not contain high levels of chemicals that are toxic to the skin
There are no adverse effects from chemical exposure to small areas of unprotected skin
There is a chance of fire or there is a fire and this type of protection is appropriate

11. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
High-Temperature Protective Clothing
Designed to protect the wearer from short-term high-temperature exposures
Heat levels exceed the capabilities of standard fire-fighting protective clothing
Provides limited use in dealing with chemical hazards

12. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
High-Temperature Protective Clothing
Proximity Suits
Permit close approach to fire for
Rescue
Fire-Suppression
Property Conservation
Aircraft rescue
Flammable liquid fires

13. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
High-Temperature Protective Clothing
Fire-Entry Suits
Allow a person to work in total flame environments for short periods of time
Short-duration and close-proximity protection
Radiant heat as high as 2,000o F
Each suit has a specific use
Not interchangeable
Not designed to protect the wearer against chemical hazards

14. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
High-Temperature Protective Clothing
Limitations
Contributes to heat stress
Bulky
Limits wearer’s vision
Limits wearer’s mobility
Limits communications
Requires frequent and extensive training
Expensive to purchase

15. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Purpose is to shield or isolate individuals from the chemical, physical and biological hazards
NFPA recognizes two types:
Liquid splash protective clothing
Vapor protective clothing
CPC is made from a variety of different materials
None of which protects against all types of hazards

16. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Manufacturer must provide a list of chemicals for which the suit is effective
May be purchased as a single or multi-piece garment

17. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Encapsulating
Designed to completely cover the responder including the respiratory equipment
Nonencapsulating
Designed to provide protection in conjunction with the wearer’s respiratory protection
Attached or detachable:
Hood
Gloves
Boots

18. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Designed to be impermeable to moisture
Prohibits heat transfer from body through evaporation
Causes a safety concern to the wearer
Hot environments
Extended work times
Strenuous work

19. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
The effectiveness of CPC can be reduced by three actions:
Permeation
Degradation
Penetration

20. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Permeation
Occurs when a chemical passes through a fabric on a molecular level
Typically no visible evidence of chemicals permeating a material
Manufacturers provide charts of breakthrough time

21. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Degradation
Chemical Degradation
Occurs when the characteristics of a material are altered through contact with chemical substances
Cracking
Brittleness
Most common observations
Discoloration
Swelling
Loss of strength

22. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Penetration
Occurs when a hazardous material enters an opening or a puncture in a protective material
Rips
Tears
Cuts
Open zippers
Unsealed seams

23. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Service Life
May be labeled for:
Reusable
Multiuse
Repeated use
Limited Use
Not disposable
Disposable
For one-time use

24. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
OSHA identifies the following emergency response operations that may require the use of a CPC
Site Survey
Rescue
Spill Mitigation
Emergency Monitoring
Decontamination
Evacuation

25. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Written Management Program
Must reference 29 CFR HAZWOPER
Policy statements
Procedures
Guidelines
Copies must be made to all personnel who may use CPC
Two basic objectives:
Protect the wearer from safety and health hazards
Prevent injury to the wearer

26. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Written Management Program
Should include the following elements:
Hazard Identification
Medical Monitoring
Environmental Surveillance
Selection, Care, Testing and Maintenance
TRAINING

27. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Liquid-Splash Protective Clothing
Designed to protect users from chemical liquid splashes
Does not protect against vapors or gases
Encapsulating
Single, one-piece garment
Boots and gloves are sometimes separate
Nonencapsulating
One-piece coverall or individual pieces
May be used in conjunction with respiratory protection

28. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Clothing Type
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Vapor-Protective Clothing
Designed to protect the wearer against chemical vapors or gases
Offers a greater level of protection than splash protective suits
Must be worn with positive pressure SCBA or SAR
Tested against 21 challenge chemicals

29. Personal Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protection Types
Atmosphere-Supplying Respirators
Provides air from a source other than the surrounding atmosphere
Positive-Pressure SCBA
Closed-Circuit
Open-Circuit
Supplied Air Respirator

30. Personal Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protection Types
Particulate-Removing Filters
Protects the user from particulates
Including airborne diseases
Absolute
Use screening to remove particles from the air
Excludes the particles that are larger than the filter’s pores
Nonabsolute
Contain pores larger than the particles

31. Personal Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protection Types
Vapor and Gas – Removing Filters
Designed to protect against specific vapors
Catalyst
Substance that influences the rate of chemical reaction
Sorbent
Material that absorbs or adsorbs

32. Personal Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protection Programs
Defined in a written document
Facepiece Fit Testing
Annually
Medical clearance is required first
Medical Testing
Annual physical

33. Personal Protective Equipment
EPA Levels of Protection
Level A
Highest level of protection
Vapors
Gases
Mists
Particles
Fully encapsulation suit

34. Personal Protective Equipment
EPA Levels of Protection
Level B
Garment that includes an SCBA and provides protection against splashes
Worn with a high level of respiratory protection
Encapsulating
Nonencapsulating

35. Personal Protective Equipment
EPA Levels of Protection
Level C
Splash-protecting garment
Low level of respiratory protection
Air-purifying device
Level D
Work uniforms, street clothing, coveralls

36. Personal Protective Equipment
Climate Concerns and Health Issues
Heat Disorders
Heat Stroke
Heat Exhaustion
Heat Cramps
Heat Rashes
Heat Fatigue

37. Personal Protective Equipment
Climate Concerns and Health Issues
Heat-Exposure Prevention
Fluid Consumption
Body Ventilation
Body Cooling
Rest Areas
Work Rotation
Proper Liquids
Physical Fitness

38. Personal Protective Equipment
Climate Concerns and Health Issues
Cold Disorders
Hypothermia
Trench Foot
Frostbite

39. Personal Protective Equipment
Climate Concerns and Health Issues
Medical Monitoring
Required by NFPA 471
Conducted:
Before responders wear PPE
After they are decontaminated
Vital signs
Hydration
Skin
Mental Status
Medical History
Post medical follow-up is also required

40. Personal Protective Equipment
Works Cited
N.F.P.A. 472 “Standard for Competence of responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents” 2008 Edition
N.F.P.A 1001 “Standard for Professional Firefighter Qualifications” 2008 Edition
N.F.P.A “Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System” 2008 Edition
O.S.H.A 29 CFR “Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response”
U.S. DOT “Emergency Response Guidebook” 2008 Edition