1. Mobile & embedded system: Introduction Lin Zhong ELEC424, Fall 2010

2. System vs. processor/IC vs. “chip”  System Ready to interface with the physical world, including human users Usually has non-computing components  Battery, display, microphone, motor, etc.  System > Chip >=processor/IC Non silicon components hard to integrate into chip: “Board” vs. “Chip” System on a chip (SoC)  Processor + silicon components of a system 2

3. Embedded systems  Physical Component of a larger system  Functional More or less fixed set of applications  Programming Foreign application development Code compile on a different computer  Not necessarily small, inexpensive or standalone  What are not embedded systems? Super computers, servers Personal computers  A rough definition of embedded systems A computing system that is not called super computer, server, or personal computer 3

4. 4 Mobile systems  Great computing capacity  Established social acceptance  Individual ownership  Unbeatable portability Wireless Display HCI Battery Moore’s Law

5. 5  Samsung S5L8900 412MHz  128MB RAM/8-16GB Flash  WiFi, Bluetooth 2.0, 3G  4.7 oz  Intel Pentium MMX 233MHz  64MB RAM/4GB Disk  Ethernet  14 pounds IBM Thinkpad 770 (1998) Computing capacity Apple iPhone (2008)

6. 6 Established social acceptance  60% population have a cell phone (2009) 3.3 billions (ITU 2008) 800 millions accessed Internet through phones  80% population live under cellular network coverage (2006) 90% phone lines in Africa are mobile phones Source: ITU/Business Today

7. 7 But…  Limited I/O capacity Between the device & its physical context  Especially its user!  No Moore’s Law for human capacity  Limited battery capacity No Moore’s Law for battery capacity  Limited heat dissipation capacity No Moore’s Law for thermodynamics  Limited human attention

8. 8 Computing vs. human performance Sources: intel.com and factmonster.com

9. 9 Computing vs. humanity Source: Intel.com and dol.gov

10. 10 Text entry speed Raw speeds do not improve

11. 11  Samsung S5L8900 412MHz  128MB RAM/8-16GB Flash  WiFi, Bluetooth 2.0, 3G  4.7 oz  Intel Pentium MMX 233MHz  64MB RAM/4GB Disk  Ethernet  14 pounds IBM Thinkpad 770 (1998) If you could use only one computer Apple iPhone (2008)

12. 12 Limited battery capacity  Mobile devices are weight-sensitive  Battery density increases about 10% annually 1950 Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) 1990 Nickel-metal Hydride (NiMH) 1991 Lithium Ion (Li-ion) 1999 Li-ion Polymer  Most devices have battery capacity within 1500mAh, typically slightly more than 1000mAh (@3-5V) Nokia 9500 communicator: 1300mAh (@3-5V) Li-ion Polymer, 172 grams Dell Latitude D610: 4700mAh (@11V) Li-ion, 2300 grams

13. 13 Limited heat transfer capacity  No active thermal management Better packaging material Energy storage with phase-change materials Thermal management of a thin laptop Source: Intel Technology Journal Water cooling of a high-end PC Source: water-cooling.com

14. 14 A hot case: 3-Watt Nokia 3120 Phone case temperature will be 40 deg C higher. Every one Watt increases surface temperature by about 13 deg C

15. 15 Design challenges  Limited I/O capacity No Moore’s Law for human capacity  Limited battery capacity No Moore’s Law for battery capacity  Limited heat dissipation capacity No Moore’s Law for thermodynamics  Limited human attention

16. 16 Design challenges (Contd.)  It is NOT about computing 9000 9110 9210 9500 Source: Dr. Cutler and Nokia.com

17. 17 Design challenges (Contd.)  It is about Integrating heterogeneous components Making computing (energy) efficient  Low-power design  Thermal management Making computing useful  Make users more productive  Make users healthier  Make them happier  Get more users

18. ELEC424 in ECE curriculum 18 User interface Application software (including domain-specific solutions, compilers, software engineering) Operating system (including network, file system, device drivers) ProcessorDigital ICRF circuitDisplayBatteryetc System integration

19. Major components  System Board, system on chip,  Embedded computing ARM, TI MSP430 Low-power design Real-time concepts Control  Non-computing elements Sensors, batteries, displays etc. Human factors  System development Windows Mobile, Linux, iPhone  Applications Health, automobile, telecommunication, entertainment etc. 19

20. 20 From T i lt 1 to T i lt 2  T i lt 1 was a sensor node  T i lt 2 will be the control system for a Quadrotor

21. New this year (Contd.) 21 Lectures & homework Project building a complete embedded system

22. Build a complete embedded system  System and function design  Printed circuit board design & fabrication  Board assembly  Operating system installation  Program 22

23. Administrative info.  Homework 10%  Participation 10%  Presentation 20%  In class quiz 10%  Mid term 20%  Final 30% 23

24. Blink check point  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MO JyYXPwe-E http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MO JyYXPwe-E 24

25. Tilt check point  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7O ANI1LelE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7O ANI1LelE 25

26. Balance check point  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4k mJuIE8G8U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4k mJuIE8G8U 26

27. Lift and balance  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6u C6AasfJo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6u C6AasfJo 27