1. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-1 ECEG398 Quantum Optics Course Notes Part 2: Thermal Imagers Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio and Prof. Anthony J. Devaney Northeastern University Spring 2006

2. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-2 Thermal Fields Mean Number (Text Eq.2.141): Std. Deviation (Text Eq. 2.149): Energy Density (Text Eq. 2.151):

3. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-3 Single-Mode Mean

4. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-4 Single Mode SNR Upper Trace is Poisson 0.1mm

5. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-5 Spectral Radiant Exitance Watch the Units: U

6. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-6 Signal & Noise Radiant Exitance

7. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-7 Lambert’s Law A A’

8. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-8 Spectral Radiance x y z   dd dd

9. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-9 Black-Body Equation (1)

10. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-10 Black Body Equations (2) T=300k 500 1000 2000 5000 10000

11. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-11 Solar Irradiance on Earth 0200400600800100012001400160018002000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Data from The Science of Color, Crowell, 1953, Wavelength, nm E, Spectral Irradiance, W/m 2 /  m Exoatmospheric filename=m1695.m Sea Level 5000 K Black Body Normalized to 1000 W/m 2 6000 K Black Body Normalized to 1560 W/m 2

12. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-12 Typical Outdoor Radiance Levels Visible Near IR Mid IR Far IR Atmospheric Passbands Ultraviolet

13. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-13 Thermal Imaging  M /Delta T 10 10 0 1 2 0.5 1 T = 300 K 10 10 0 1 2 0 2 4 6, Wavelength,  m  M /Delta T T = 500 K

14. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-14 Etendue Viewed by Pixel Pixel Area NA of Detector Lens NA of Objective Area of PRC NA of PRC A  is Constant Single Mode

15. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-15 Spectral Flux (Power) Per Mode

16. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-16 Probability Distributions Laser Mode Thermal Mode Many Thermal Modes Re(E)Im(E)|E||E| 2 n (Delta) (Poisson) (Gaussian) (Rayleigh) (Exponential) (Bose- Einstein) (Poisson) Summed on Detector

17. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-17 Detected Photons (Signal & Bkg) PsPs P BKG BPF Preamp Amp Filter P Noise qq

18. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-18 Detector Examples: Spectral Photon Radiance 10464-3-32

19. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-19 Detector Examples: Total Background Power 10464-3-31

20. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-20 Noise Photons (Bkg. Limited)

21. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-21 Noise-Equivalent Power

22. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-22 Detector Examples: NEP 10464-3-3

23. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-23 D-Star

24. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-24 Detector Examples: Detectivity, D* 10464-3-34

25. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-25 Estimating the Temperature

26. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-26 Noise-Equivalent Delta T

27. February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University10842-2-27 Calculating NE  T T=300Kelvin,  q =0.8, B=30 Hz,  =1  m, A=(10mm) 2,  =0.1 sr 7 X 10 6 Photons/Kelvin NE  T=5 mKelvin