1. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 1 Experience with Combined Protection and Control IEDs Traditional panel with analogue relays and traditional control Modern panel with numerical multi-function relay 1

2. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 2 Transfer of external complexity into the IED Library Output Signals Logic Elements (Gates, Timers,...) Input Signals from Substation or from Internal Functions CFC Continuous Function Chart as per IEC 1131 1

3. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 3 Transfer Time in the Production Workflow time Engineering Assembly of products Factory Test sequential Engineering Assembly of products parallel Traditional workflow Enhanced workflow 1

4. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 4 One feeder, one IED! Protection Metering Control Feeder data base R2S SCM Legend: R2R relay-to-relay coms R2S relay-to-subscriber coms R2R One Unique Feeder Data Base Some 20000 IEDs and 600 coordinated control systems have been sold today, 60% of them use coms 1

5. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 5 Accuracy class Current error at rated primary current Phase displacement at rated primary current Composite error at rated accuracy limit primary current 5P 10P ± 1 ± 3 ± 60 – 5 10 minutescentiradians ± 1.8 – % 0.5 FS 1 FS n.a. instrument security factor ± 0.5 1) ± 1 1) ± 30 1) ± 60 1) ± 0.9 1) ± 1.8 1) 1) Further accuracies at 10 %, 20%, 50 % and 100 % full load Accuracies of Instrument Transformers 1

6. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 6 time years sec Effects of failures Protection System affected! Partial brown outs Control Slow control by back-up facilities Metering & monitoring regionally blind Service time windows and availability ms Control Metering & Monitoring Protection (date & time unknown 0-2 times a year) Security and Dependability Aspects 1

7. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 7 configuration set points algorithm sampling self adaptation external adaptation Adaptive Relaying, verification of relay performance 3

8. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 8 51.151.2 52.1 trip 52.1 51.151.2 52.2 trip 52.2 52.352.4 section 1section 2 52.s NC -with 52.s closed full load of section 1 & 2 -with 52.s open only load of section 1 resp. 2 50 release 51.2 Legend 51.1normal sensitivity 51.2increased sensitivity Adaptive Relaying, verification of relay performance 3

9. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 9 Scope Boosts the Number of Set Points Motor protection Voltage Local-Remote-Control Command/Feed back 79M Auto reclosing I>, Ip I>>  I2> 86 Lock out IE>> IE>, IEp 50N51N IE>> IE>, IEp 27 V< 59 V> 81O/U f<> 74TC Trip circuit supervision PLC-Logic & HMI Communication- modules RS232/485 Fiber IEC60870-5-103 Profibus FMS Meter I, Set points U, P, Q, f, cos  Energy meter calculated impulse Motor control Breaker-- failure protection Dirct. sens. Ground fault Directional 47 67N busbar 67 51 50 49 4650N51N 50BF Inrush- blocking Phase rotation S67NS64 UE>IEE>> IEE> 52 Fault recording Fault locator 21FL I< locked Rotor 3748 66/86 14 Start up monitor Lock out 33 4

10. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 10 10000 set Points system-wide ca.5000 relays 200 set Points sub feeder 20 set Points 300 faults p. a. ca.30000 km OHL (fault rate 30 p. a. and 100 km) Relay operations Set points 4 flags OH-Line 1200 flags system-wide Data Management 4

11. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 11 Ergonomic Design for Simplicity in Handling Relays 1. One HMI program for all Intelligent Electronic Devices 2. Design according present style guides ergonomic aspects, usability tests 3. Function and application orientated structure (configuration, settings, routing, measurements, events,...) 4. Reducing the number of setting parameters advanced parameters (not directly visible) functions without parameters (acceptance ?) 6. Document management system: manual and on-line help 4

12. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 12 Semi self-setting Relays ALF e / ALF N I N,c.t : parameter I Diff I1I1 I1I1 Example: 10P10, e load < 5%, e Fault at k_ALF N = 10% Fault current tolerance e Fault Load current tolerance e Load Actual c.t. tolerance 4

13. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 13 T r = B i - R pa T r = 100% - 3%/pa T rt = 35 a T r = B i - R pa T r = 100% - 3%/pa T rt = 35 a 2000 2010 2020 2030 2035 Legend T r = remnant life time B i = installed base R pa = retrofitted relays p.a. Legend T r = remnant life time B i = installed base R pa = retrofitted relays p.a. Remnant Life Time of Protocols 5

14. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 14 IEC 60870-5-103+VDEW extensions Profibus FMS Profibus DP IEC 61850-8-2 DNP 3.0 Modbus Ethernet IEC 61850-8 station bus to 2001 IEC 61850-9 process bus relay com R2S R2R Subscriber Relay Exchangeable Communication Processors for Investment Security 5

15. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 15 Communication Standard for Tele-protection Purposes Tele-protection port separate from informative port for speed and security reasons DKE working group AK952.08 Übertragungsprotokolle, binärer Informationsaustausch zwischen Selektivschutzeinrichtungen über einen Hilfskanal ( Transmission Protocols, binary data exchange between relays over communication channels) Scope standard allocation of signals for fix allocation of distance and earth fault tele-protection schemes Two modes synchronous asynchronous 6

16. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 16 to relay or IED secondary current in mA range at full load good dynamic performance (at 2 *1,41 I F,therm. saturation after 25 ms) precise (accuracy < 0,2% above 50A) C.t. equivalent circuit M Coupling inductance Lf Eddy inductance L Coil inductance Rt Coil and conductor resistance Ra Calibration resistance Z Load impedance U 2 n = 22,5 mV  i 1 /I th,, I n = 50A Un 2 = 150 mV Small signal current transducer 8

17. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 17 Resistive voltage divider scale: primary: V N /1.73 secondary: 3,25 V/1.73 fixing panel secondary termination relay & meter primary termination ground V1 V2 8

18. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 18 Experience with Novel Instrument Transducers Some 2-3 years operation experience Some 30 Relays in service using novel v.t.s & c.t.s 1

19. G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 19 Verification of Relay Performance Using Neural Networks Relay must ‘learn at the vendors test field’ Application test with a variety of fault conditions More practical ‘the characteristic of their traditional counterpart CIGRE final report ‘Analysis and Guidelines For Testing Numerical Protection Schemes-March 2000 Failure analysis may make relay engineer feel uncomfortable 9