1. WELCOME

2. Md. Kawsar Hawlader Senior Lecturer Dept. Of Biology
Sub:Biology Second Paper

4. Chapter-8
Human Physiology: Co-ordination and Control.

5. Learning output describe the structure of human brain.
After completing this lesson students should be able to…
describe the structure of human brain.
tell the functions of different parts of brain.

6. Brain
The swollen, large and complex part of the central nervous system which enclosed in a protective hard cranium of the skull and control all activities of the body is called brain.

7. The covering of the brain- Meninges
There are 3 layers of meninges-a.Dura mater b. Arachnoid and c. Pia mater.
Dura mater
Skull
Arachnoid
pia mater
Sub dural space
Subarachniod space

8. Structure of Brain There are three parts of human brain-
Forebrain or Prosencephalon
Midbrain or Mesencephalon
Hindbrain or Rhombencephalon

9. Forebrain or Prosencephalon
Forebrain consists of 3 parts-
Cerebrum:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

10. Cerebrum or Telencephalon
The largest and uppermost part of the brain.
80% of brain
Is consists of gyri and sulci
Left cerebrum
Right cerebrum

11. Cerebrum or Telencephalon
The cerebrum is divided into 6 lobes:
Parietal(2)
Frontal
Occipital
Temporal(2)

12. Functions of Cerebrum:
Gyrus
Sulcus
Functions of Cerebrum:
Reasoning, will, intelligence, memory, personality and ethics.
Muscular movement.

13. Thalamus
Thalamus is a oval part of brain situated beneath the each cerebral hemisphere
Functions:
Pain, pleasure, emotions.
Reflex movement.
Regulating of sleeping and wakefulness
Relay station of conducting impulse .
Thalamus

14. Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus forms the floor of the brain that contains pituitary.
Homeostasis, partial control of sleeping and wakefulness, regulating of body temperature, food intake, metabolism , water balance and reproduction.
Hypothalamus

15. Midbrain or Mesencephalon
It is a short constricted mass of brain. Midbrain is divided into 3 parts- a. Cerebral peduncle b. corpora quadrigemina c. cerebral aqueduct.
Functions:
Sleeping, consciousness, vision, hearing, temperature regulatig.
Midbrain

16. Hindbrain or Rhombencephalon
Hindbrain consists of 3 parts-
1.Cerebellum
2.Medulla oblongata
3.pons
Medulla oblogata

17. Functions: Cerebellum
It is the second largest part of the brain. Two parts of cerebellum are connected with vermis.
Functions:
Balance and equilibrium in walking, swimming and riding.
Simultaneous actions like eating while talking.

18. Functions: Medulla oblongata It is called the brainstem.
Breathing, digestion, heart, blood vessel function, swallowing and sneezing.

19. Pons
The nerve tracts between the brain and spinal cord cross from the left side to the right side.
Functions:
Reflex center, regulating respiration
Pons

20. Pons
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord

21. Functions: protection of brain
Ventricle of Brain
There are 3 ventricles of the brain-
Functions: protection of brain
Lateral
Third
Forth

22. Team Work Group-A Group-B Write down the different parts of forebrain.
Write down the different parts of hindbrain.

23. Evaluation
Dr. Hassan said , there is a co-ordination center in human body which co –ordinates all the function of human body. This center is consisted of numerous special cells. The human life can not be imagined without this special center.
What is meninges ?
What is meant by corpus callosum?
Explain the first portion of the mentioned center.
Analyze the last sentence of the stem.

24. Home Work
Draw a figure of human brain.

25. THANKS