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FHF McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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FHF Appendix D-2 Appendix B: The Legal and Regulatory Environment Appendix A: Guidelines for the Development of a Business Plan Appendix C: Personal Career Plan Appendix D: Personal Financial Planning
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FHF Personal Financial Planning The process of managing your finances so that you can achieve your financial goals Everyone benefits from financial planning Helps you focus on what is important Appendix D-3
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FHF Evaluate Your Financial Health Buy software, develop a spreadsheet, or use Internet financial planners to help you get organized Two most important elements: 1. Personal net worth (assets minus debts and liabilities) o Negative net worth at a young age is not always bad 2. Personal cash flow (inflows and outflows) o The dollar amount moving from one party to another Appendix D-4
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FHF Financial Goals Short-Term Financial Goals Those that can be achieved in two years or less Long-Term Financial Goals Those that take longer than two years to achieve (e.g. Retirement planning) Appendix D-5
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FHF BudgetBudget What you plan to do with your money in the future? List out all your expenses (nondiscretionary and discretionary) Do not forget to allocate some income to savings Track your success adhering to the budget Appendix D-6
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FHF Manage Credit Minimize credit usage and reduce debt Credit cards are a cash flow management tool only Charges and interest can add up quickly Borrow only when Assets will appreciate Borrowing has lower interest than what you make investing the money Student loans can be helpful Make sure you do not borrow more than you can pay off Appendix D-7
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FHF A Savings and Investment Plan Set aside some savings every month Start early Compounded interest will add up over time Choose your level of investment risk The riskier the investment, the higher the potential return Long-term investments can usually be riskier than short-term ones Appendix D-8
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FHF Investment Choices Savings Accounts and Certificates of Deposit Low risk and low return Bonds Longer term, but higher return Stocks Can be risky, but rewards can be very high Appendix D-9
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FHF Investment Choices Mutual Funds Best for novices with small amount of money to invest Purchase of Home Historically, a good investment Recent recession has many questioning the soundness of real estate investments Appendix D-10
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FHF Planning for Retirement No magic number on how much to save Assess your lifestyle and career plan to determine best amount and options Employer Retirement Plans Defined benefit plans: Specific amount at retirement Defined contribution plans: A certain amount of money goes into your retirement account each pay period Appendix D-11
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FHF Planning for Retirement Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) Traditional and Roth IRAs Social Security Federal-supported public pension plan Weight pros and cons of different requirement accounts Paid for by payroll taxes Sufficient funding in the future will be a problem Appendix D-12
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FHF Retirement Savings Are you saving more money than you planned because you are concerned about Social Security? Appendix D-13
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FHF InsuranceInsurance Insurance policies are contracts between you and an insurance company wherein the insurer promises to pay money if a particular event occurs Automobile Insurance Homeowners/Renters Insurance Life Insurance Health Insurance Disability Insurance Appendix D-14
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FHF Develop an Estate Plan The essential components of an estate plan are: Your will Minimization of taxes on your estate Protection of estate assets You should create a will if: you have a spouse and/or children, if you have substantial assets, or if you have assets that you would like to give to certain individuals Estate tax law changes frequently, and a professional financial planner can help you minimize taxes your heirs must pay Appendix D-15
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FHF Personal Financial Calculator Many resources exist to help you assess your financial health and plan your financial future Some are even free CNN offers a “Check your financial health” toolCheck your financial health Accounts for your age and position in life Provides you with a grade Advice on how to improve your score Appendix D-16
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FHF Adjust Your Financial Plan to New Circumstances Periodically re-evaluate your financial plan Adjust as your life changes Adjust as financial goals change Professional accountants and tax-preparers may be able to help Appendix D-17
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