1. 4 th Quarter Review

2. Topics 1.Pattern of Inheritance 2.Advances in Molecular Genetics 3.Human Genetic Traits 4.Classification 5.Origin of Life 6.Evolution

3. What was Mendel most notably known for? a.Father of Genetics b.Father of Evolution c.Father of the Jews d.Father of Molecular Biology

4. Why did he study pea plants? a.Easy to grow b.Self-fertilizing c.Could study many generations d.All of the above

5. Today, biologists refer to Mendel's factors as ____________. a.Gametes b.Genes c.RNA d.Cytoplasm

6. Organisms that have two of the same alleles for a particular gene are called ________. a.Heterozygous b.Gametes c.Dihybrids d.Homozygous

7. Organisms that have two different alleles for a particular gene are called ________. a.Heterozygous b.Gametes c.Dihybrids d.Homozygous

9. When we have 46 chromosomes lined up by size and shape, it is called _____________. a.Sequencing b.Karyotype c.Ordering d.Factoring

10. Green is dominant to yellow. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios for a heterozygous female and a homozygous dominant male a.Geno: 25%(GG), 50% (Gg), 25% (gg) –P–Pheno: 50% green, 50% yellow b.Geno: 25%(GG), 50% (Gg), 25% (gg) –P–Pheno: 75% green, 25% yellow c.Geno: 50%(GG), 50% (Gg), 0% (gg) –P–Pheno: 100% green, 0% yellow d.Geno: 0%(GG), 50% (Gg), 75% (gg) –P–Pheno: 0% green, 100% yellow

11. Organisms are products of their __________ and of their environment. a.Heredity b.Color c.Mitochondria d.Dermis

12. Cloning produces organisms that have _____________. a.Identical genes b.All dominant genes c.All recessive genes d.2 complete sets of chromosomes

13. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a method of producing many copies of a tiny sample of ______. a.DNA b.Chloroplasts c.Heart cells d.Blood

14. Humans have a total of ____ pairs of chromosomes. a.17 b.23 c.100 d.46

15. Normal Human Female organisms have ______. a.One X and one Y chromosomes b.No X chromosomes c.Two Y chromosomes d.Two X chromosomes

16. The blood type of a person with one B gene and one A gene is ___. a.A b.AB c.O d.B

17. Blood types Genes for group A and B are dominant over genes for group O. Possible genotypes are AA, AO, BB, BO,OO or AB. Since blood type A and type B are dominant they are said to share codominance.

18. What is a pedigree? a.Dog food b.Chart used to look at a family’s genetic traits c.Graph used to look at DNA d.Sequencing of gene.

19. This is an example of ________. a.Hemophilia b.Down syndrome (nondisjunction) c.Sickle cell anemia d.Color blindness

20. When an organism that is homozygous dominant is crossed with an organism that is homozygous recessive, a.All the offspring will have the phenotype of the dominant parent b.Some will have the phenotype of the dominant parent and some for the recessive parent c.You can’t tell from this information d.The offspring will have varying genotypes.

21. The field of biology that studies inheritance of traits is _____. a.Ecology b.Embryology c.Heredity d.Genetics

22. Because only tall plants were produced when purebred short and tall plants were crossed, Mendel concluded that the tall trait is ______. a.Dominant b.Pure c.Recessive d.Hidden

23. Pieces of DNA from one kind of organism that contains DNA from another kind of organism is called ______. a.RNA b.Hybrids c.Plasmids d.Recombinant DNA

24. The science of classifying things is called _____. a.Taxonomy b.Evolution c.Embryology d.Phylogeny

25. The system of binomial nomenclature was developed by____. a.Darwin b.Linnaeus c.Ray d.Aristotle

26. Which of the following is not a reason to classify organisms? a.To make it easier to identify unknown organisms b.To show relationships among organisms c.To organize information about different types of organisms d.To provide organisms with Latin names

27. What does a Scientific name consist of? A.Kingdom order B.Class species C.Phylum Genus D.Genus species

28. What is the correct way of writing the scientific name for a Lion? A.panthera leo B.Panthera leo C.Panthera leo D.panthera Leo

29. Which of the following is not used to classify organisms? a.Common names b.Physical appearance c.Embryology d.Chromosome structure

30. The most closely related organisms belong to the same a.Kingdom b.Species c.Genus d.Order

31. The meadow rose (Rosa blanda), cherry tree (Prunus avium), apple tree (Malus pumila), and moss rose (Rosa centifolia) all belong to the Rosaceae Family. The 2 plants that belong to the same genus are the ___. a.Apple tree and cherry tree b.Moss rose and meadow rose c.Moss rose and apple tree d.Meadow rose and cherry tree

32. The Classification group with the most different kinds of organisms is _____. a.Genus b.Family c.Kingdom d.Phylum

33. All of the following are part of Darwin’s theory of evolution except ____. a.Competition b.Variations c.Acquired characteristics d.Survival of the fittest

34. The process of evolution through slow change is called _____. a.Gradualism b.Punctuated equilibrium c.Speciation d.Variations

35. The Kaibab squirrel and Abert squirrel live on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. The development of these 2 species of squirrels from a common ancestor was most likely a result from ___. a.Mutation then migration b.Gradualism c.Geographic isolation d.Mutation

36. All of the following can cause changes in the gene pool of a population except ____. a.Migration b.Natural selection c.Overproduction d.Mutations

37. All the blackbirds that live in a certain forest make up a _____. a.Migration b.Kingdom c.Phylum d.Population

38. According to the theory of natural selection, organisms that are well adapted to their environment ___. a.Usually migrate elsewhere b.Survive to pass on their traits to their offspring c.Add new genes to the gene pool d.Form a population

39. The major cause for changes in the gene pool of a population is _____. a.Natural selection b.Mutation c.Migration d.Reproductive isolation

40. Geographic isolation occurs when _____. a.Organisms in a population can no longer produce offspring b.The structure of a gene changes c.A physical barrier separates 2 populations d.Members of species move into a population