1. Description of Continuing Resources: Serials

2. New and revised AACR terms pertaining to Continuing Resources
Bibliographic resource – An expression or manifestation of a work or an item that forms the basis for bibliographic description. A bibliographic resource may be tangible or intangible.
Continuing resource – A bibliographic resource that is issued over time with no predetermined conclusion. Continuing resources include serials and ongoing integrating resources.

3. Terms
Integrating resource – A bibliographic resource that is added to or changed by means of updates that do not remain discrete and are integrated into the whole. Integrating resources may be finite or continuing. Examples of integrating resources include updating loose-leafs and updating web sites.
Iteration: An instance of an integrating resource, either as first published or after it has been updated.

4. Terms
Monograph – A bibliographic resource that is complete in one part or intended to be completed in a finite number of parts.
Multipart item – A monograph, complete or intended to be completed, in a finite number of separate parts. The separate parts may or may not be numbered.

5. Serial
A continuing resource issued in a succession of discrete parts, usually bearing numbering, that has no predetermined conclusion. Examples of serials include journals, magazines, electronic journals, continuing directories, annual reports, newspapers, and monographic series.

6. Conceptual Categories
Bibliographic Resources
Finite Resources
Continuing Resources
One of several ways to categorize the world of bibliographic resources / information entities.
Finite Integrating Resources
Continuing Inte-grating Resources
Monographs
Serials

7. Highlights of the 2002 AACR amendments pertaining to continuing resources
More rules and guidance for Continuing resources have been incorporated into chapter 1.
Chapter 12 is now called Continuing resources. Covers rules for serials and integrating resources
Serials are still described from the earliest issue.
Integrating resources are described from the latest iteration.
Rules include provision for and examples of electronic resources.
Rules are more complete. Now include things that were previously only in rule interpretations and CONSER

8. Highlights of the 2002 AACR amendments pertaining to continuing resources
New and revised definitions
More resources can now be cataloged as serials
Descriptive rules include more provisions for minor changes over time and allow more flexibility
No longer using the term “title changes.” Now are looking at things as “major” and “minor” changes. More things are now considered “minor” changes, so this should result in fewer title changes.

9. What is being cataloged?
The first thing to do before cataloging anything is to determine what is being cataloged.
Answer these two questions.
What part of the bibliographic resource will the bibliographic record represent?
A resource may not be part of a larger resource; it may stand on its own. In that case the bibliographic record should represent only that resource.
A monograph

10. What is being cataloged?
A resource may be part of a larger resource.
One part of a mutipart item
One analytic of a monographic series
One of several separate resources on a web site
The bibliographic record could represent the smaller resource (a monograph in a series) or the larger resource (a serial or an integrating resource)

11. What is being cataloged?
What is the type of issuance of the resource?
It may be appropriate, after one or more bibliographic records have been cataloged, to change the cataloging decision.
Recatalog a monograph as a serial, etc.
Also, the publisher may change the type of issuance of a bibliographic resource.
Type of issuance: Type of issuance refers to how the bibliographic resource is published, distributed, or produced, and, if it is updated, how it is updated.

12. Three types of issuance:
• Monograph
A bibliographic resource that is complete in one part or intended to be completed in a finite number of parts. The separate parts may or may not be numbered.
Use rules in AACR chapter 1 and the chapter(s) representing the carrier. i.e. sound recording – chapter 1, 6; video – chapter 1, 7; online map – chapter 1, 3, 9

13. Three types of issuance:
Serial
A continuing resource issued in a succession of discrete parts, usually bearing numbering, that has no predetermined conclusion.
Use rules in chapter 1, chapter 12, and the chapter(s) representing the carrier.
i.e. annual plat books – chapter 1, 3, 12; online journal – chapter 1, 9, 12

14. Three types of issuance:
Integrating resource
A bibliographic resource that is added to or changed by means of updates that do not remain discrete and are integrated into the whole. Integrating resources can be finite or continuing.
Use rules in chapter 1, chapter 12, and the chapter(s) representing the carrier.
i.e. updating loose-leaf – chapter 1, 2, 12; most web sites – chapter 1, 9, 12

15. Monographic vs. serial treatment
OCLC allows for a resource to be cataloged as a monograph and a serial. If a monographic record for a resource exists, you may create a serial record and vice versa. OCLC does not consider these to be duplicate records.
Some advantages to serial treatment of a resource:
Economy
All issues are represented by one record (at least until the title changes)
Access
Giving the serial one classification number will keep all the issues together on the shelf regardless of title changes

16. Monographic vs. serial treatment
Some disadvantages to serial treatment of a resource:
Economy
If the resource experiences frequent title changes it is more economical to catalog as a monograph because the records do not have to be closed out, etc. each time the title changes
Access
Serial treatment of a resource gives less access in the catalog to the item because one record must serve for all the issues.
• If there is material specific to each issue, i.e. different subject matter, different authors, it may be preferable to catalog as a monograph.

17. Definition of a Serial (AACR2, Glossary):
A continuing resource:
issued in a succession of discrete parts
usually bearing numbering
that has no predetermined conclusion.

18. Important elements of the Definition
Succession of discrete parts
Usually bearing numbering
No predetermined conclusion

19. Publication should meet all three criteria
Resource is issued in a succession of discrete parts
A serial consists of separate issues, each of which stands alone
It is important that the issues or parts remain discrete. This is one of the primary differences between serials and integrating resources

20. Publication should meet all three criteria
Resource usually bears a numeric and/or chronological designation
Numeric or chronological designation is a number or date given in a prominent position on the publication that distinguishes each individual issue
Designation is used to identify each issue for check-in, organization, and retrieval

21. Publication should meet all three criteria
Resource has no predetermined conclusion
No predetermined conclusion does not mean it will never end – only that the publisher had no intention of ending it. A periodical that only lasts 3 issues is still a serial.
This is often the most difficult of the criteria to determine

22. What is a serial?
Anything that comes out in bits and pieces and in fits and starts for an indefinite period
Continues indefinitely
Evolves over time
Needs space!
A serial is a publication issued over a period of time, usually on a regular basis (for example, weekly) with some sort of numbering used to identify issues (for example, volumes, issue numbers, dates).

23. What is a serial? (cont.)
A serial, unlike other multi-volume publications such as encyclopedias or the complete works of literary authors, does not have a foreseeable end.
Examples of serials include popular magazines (Newsweek), scholarly journals (Journal of the American Medical Association), electronic journals (The Scientist), and annual reports.

24. What is a Serial?
Some publications are obviously serials, such as Newsweek. Some publications are obviously not serials, such as The Bible.
The categorization of treatment for many other publications is not so obvious and will require a certain amount of investigation and decision making in order to determine the most appropriate treatment.

25. Microsoft Word Spell Checker
Serialist =
Surrealist ??

26. Serial Identifying Characteristics
ISSN: X
frequency in title:
AB Bookman’s weekly
Annual report of the Academy of Sciences of Estonia
Yachting monthly

27. Serial Identifying Characteristics (cont.)
enumeration/chronology:
Volume 28
Vol. 32, No. 10 September 1997
Spring 1997
1998-1
year(s) of coverage:
1997 (item published in 1998)
...for the fiscal year 1995
...covering the period July 1978 through June 1979

28. Serial Identifying Characteristics (cont.)
intent to continue publishing:
Preface:
The inaugural issue of Advances in the Theory of Computation and Computational Mathematics ... Future volumes of ATCCM ...
certain titles:
Advances in ...
Developments in ...
Progress in ...
Trends in ...

29. Types of Serials Periodicals
A serial appearing or intended to appear indefinitely at regular or stated intervals, generally more frequently than annually, each issue of which normally contains separate articles, stories, or other writings.
Commonly what we think of as magazines
Electronic journals
Annual reports and recurring reports of activities
Many agencies, businesses, and institutions issue a report on a regular basis, such as an annual or biennial report.
Directories, yearbooks, and other similar reference works
Many reference works such as directories and yearbooks are issued regularly to be kept up-to-date. Such publications are often identified by a number or date accompanied by the word “edition.”
Reference works that are issued irregularly or infrequently (usually if the editions are published three or more years apart) are usually cataloged as monographs.

30. Types of Serials Newsletters
Newsletters are issued by corporate bodies or individuals to provide news on a topic and recent activities.
Statistical publications
Publications containing statistics that are gathered and issued regularly are usually treated as serials.
Newspapers
A serial publication that contains news on current events of special or general interest. The individual parts are listed chronologically or numerically and appear usually at least once a week.

31. Other resources treated as serials per 12.0A
Publications of limited duration
Resources that exhibit characteristics of serials, such as successive issues, numbering, and frequency, but whose duration is limited are still treated as serials. 􀂃 i.e. a newsletter from a single event – Cognotes from ALA midwinter conference, 2003; a newsletter from the 1992 Winter Olympics
Reprints of serials
Reprints of serials are cataloged as serials even if they are published as a finite number of volumes. But a republication of a single issue or a limited number of issues should be cataloged as a monograph.

32. Other resources treated as serials per 12.0A
Travel guides
Catalog a travel guide as a serial if it is general in scope. Usually those guides are continued indefinitely. General in scope means that the guide contains a variety of current information, e.g. about where to go, where to stay, and what to do. Apply this policy to state, region, or country guides for the United States, to region or country guides for other countries, and to guides for major cities.
If a numeric or chronological designation is not available, supply a chronological designation based on the publishing or copyright date.
In case of doubt, catalog as a monograph.

33. Other resources treated as serials per 12.0A
Conference publications
Treat as serials those ongoing conference publications that are issued in successive parts, the parts carry unique numeric and/or chronological designations, and the publication is intended to continue indefinitely.
These publications will usually have words such as “first” or “annual” appearing in conjunction with the name of the conference or the title of the publication.
Catalog as monographs those conference publications that are not ongoing, or those that each issue has a unique title and/or the conference publication is issued as part of a numbered monographic series.

34. Other resources treated as serials per 12.0A
Other printed resources
If the printed resource is issued in successive parts and there is no information that the resource will be complete in a finite number of parts, usually catalog according to the list below.
Catalog as monographs (RI 1.0C)
Books issued in parts (fascicles)
Cartographic materials (most)
Censuses
Encyclopedias
Hearings
Publications of five-year plans
Catalog as serials
Alumni directories
College catalogs
Court reports
Sales/auction catalogs
Session laws
If the printed resource isn’t represented by one of the categories above, treat as a serial.

35. How often serials published
Daily
Weekly
Semi-monthly (twice per mo)
Monthly
Bi-monthly (every two mos.)
Quarterly
Semi-annually (twice per yr.)

36. How often serials published
Annually
Biennially (every two years)
Regular/Irregular (e.g. comes 4 times a year but not every three months)
Irregular (who knows!)

37. History of Serials
Roots go back as far as China in the third century B.C.: copies of government news sent out to people in remote areas
Began about 1200 A.D. in Europe
First machine printed newspapers in Europe in late 16th century
First American periodicals in 1741: American magazine (Andrew Bradford)

38. History of Serials (cont.)
Late 19th century advances in printing technology: Harper’s Weekly and Collier’s
175,000 periodicals published today

39. Serials Librarianship
Developed in 1930s and 1940s
Collection development and technical services functions
More efficient processing
Call to reunify after automation
North American Serials Interest Group (NASIG)

40. CONSER IS: A cooperative online serials cataloging program
A source of high quality bibliographic records for serials
A source of high quality documentation for the cataloging of serials and the input of serial records
A group of serial experts who work together in an atmosphere of collegiality and trust

41. CONSER IS: (cont.) A promulgator of standards related to serials
A voice for serials in the library community
A component of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging

42. CONSER
CONSER began in the early 1970s as a project to convert manual serial cataloging into machine-readable records and has evolved into an ongoing program to create and maintain high quality bibliographic records for serials.
35 total members
Over 900,000 records in October 2000
30,000+ new records per year

43. CONSER (cont.)
In keeping with its evolution, the name was changed in 1986 from the CONSER (CONversion of SERials) Project to the CONSER (Cooperative ONline SERials) Program. In October 1997, CONSER became a bibliographic component of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging.

44. CONSER (cont.)
The CONSER database resides within the OCLC Online Union Catalog. CONSER members authenticate, input, and modify serial cataloging records on OCLC or contribute original records via FTP. Authentication is the process of approving the descriptive elements in the record and providing for the record's availability through tape distribution services and bibliographic products.

45. CONSER members include:
The national libraries of the United States and Canada (and their respective International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) centers)
Selected university, U.S. federal, and special libraries
Subscription agencies and abstracting & indexing services

46. CONSER members include: (cont.)
Selected library associations
Participants in the United States Newspaper Program (USNP)
National program to catalog, preserve, and make available U.S. newspapers
Newspaper microfilming projects
cataloging the microfilms
Jointly administered by NEH and LC
Bibliographic records by USNP participants are part of the CONSER database

47. Why do serials change titles?
The scope of the publication may become narrower or broader. (American City to American City and County)
The new title expresses more clearly the content coverage. (New Choices for the Best Years to New Choices for Retirement Living)

48. Why do serials change titles? (cont.)
Mergers or buyouts of serial titles, usually for economic reasons, may bring about changes in titles. (Remedial and Special Education: RASE was formed by the union of Exceptional Education Quarterly, Topics in Learning and Learning Disabilities, and Journal for Special Educators.)

49. Why do serials change titles? (cont.)
A corporate name change for an issuing agency often means a title change. (Journal of the American Institute of Planners to Journal of the American Planning Association)
Titles split to allow greater coverage of a topic. (Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology became Journal of Climate and Journal of Applied Meteorology)

50. Why do serials change titles? (cont.)
Some changes occur for political reasons. (Soviet Geography to Post-Soviet Geography)
Occasionally a title changes for no obvious reason at all.

51. Serial Cataloging Records
Reflect the whole publication
Are dynamic because they incorporate changes over time
Are cooperative creations (e.g., one library may create the record, another may update it)
Are important to the overall control of the serial and often are essential to other records (holdings, check-in)

52. Key points of serials cataloging
When you catalog a serial, you catalog the whole run from the beginning, not just the issues you happen to hold.
Base description on first or earliest issue.
Every serial record should have a 362 and/or a 500 Description based on note
Many serials do not have a title page. Serial titles are often given in one than one place and sometimes in different forms.
New record is created each time the title proper or corporate body (if main entry) changes
Major vs. minor changes

53. Key points of serials cataloging
Cataloging record must represent the entire serial
Bibliographic record must be general enough to apply to the entire serial, but specific enough to cover all access points.
Notes are used to show changes in place of publication, publisher, issuing body, frequency, etc.
Because a serial consists of many pieces issued over a period of time and intended to go on indefinitely, some descriptive fields on a serial record are left open at the time of cataloging. Later, when the serial dies, the open statements may be closed. A serial record is always in a state of flux until the serial dies
Serials often have ISSN numbers.
Serial records should never have ISBNs for separate issues (even though the resource will often have an ISBN), and monographic records should never have ISSNs.

54. Key points of serials cataloging
Every serial should have a unique title.
This is often accomplished with uniform titles. (See Uniform titles)
Most serials do not have personal authors.
Serial records do not usually have personal authors notated in the statement of responsibility.
If deemed necessary, may notate in a 500 note.
Most serials will have a designation or enumeration.
If the serial does not have a true designation or enumeration, one should be supplied from the publishing or copyright date.
Serials are often part of “family” relationships
May have parents (earlier titles), children (later titles), siblings (other editions, splits, etc.) and cousins (other related works).

55. Decision Process Is this the first issue?
Base the description on the first/earliest available issue
This is not always easy to determine.
Pilot or introductory issues – Sometimes are the first issue and sometimes the publisher is only testing the waters.
If resource has words such as “premier”, “introductory”, or “pilot” and also has a designation such as vol. 1, no. 1 it is probably the first issue and should be used as the basis of the description.
If resource has words such as “sample” or “trial” and also has a designation such as vol. 1, no. 0 or no designation, just a date, this is probably not really the first issue, and should not be used for the description if there is also a true first issue.
Title changes – Base the description on the first issue that bears the new title or body, or the earliest issue in hand if the first issue is not available or is uncertain.
If first issue is not available, give a Description based on note. 􀂃 Description based on: Vol. 1, no. 3 (Mar. 1999).

56. Decision process Is there a title page?
Many serials do not have a title page.
AACR preferred order for title page substitute for printed resources: the analytical title page, cover, caption, masthead, editorial pages, colophon, other pages.
Note: Whenever chapter 12 mentions title page, the title page substitute is included.
If no title page, give source of title in a note. Can often be combined with a Description based on note.
500 Description based on: Vol. 1, no. 3 (Mar. 1999); title from cover
Are there changes on later issues?
Is it a major change - make a new record
Is it a minor change – add information in a note if necessary

57. Problems in Serials Cataloging
Cataloging the whole serial
From one issue
Complete run or local holdings
Relationships to other serials
Cataloging is not “done” until the serial dies
Latest vs. Successive Entry cataloging

58. Latest vs. Successive Entry Cataloging
Refers to history of a changing serial
Entire run on one record (Latest entry)
Multiple records as serial changes (Successive entry)
Successive entry is standard
Latest entry was widely used in card catalogs and correct according to AACR1
Latest entry works best for 1:1 changes but not for complex changes
Earliest entry cataloging?

59. Serial Changes Born Die Change name Divorce Clone Twig Give birth
Adoption
Custody changes
Metamorphose
Resurrected
Remarry ...

60. Serial Changes RECONFIGURE Frequency change Physical changes
Numbering changes
Volume/Issue
Contents changes

61. CONSER Standard Record
CONSER Standard Record Documentation and LC Rule Interpretations:
Background:

62. Philosophy behind the CONSER Standard Record
Meet user tasks for access
Reduce redundancies in cataloging
Help with decision-making process
Work for better utilization of MARC 21 for storage, retrieval and display

63. “CSR” and “AACR2”: Two Practice Labels
CONSER standard record cataloging is an application of AACR2 cataloging
Examples labeled “CSR” show CONSER standard record application of AACR2
Examples labeled “AACR2” show elements beyond the requirements of “CSR”

64. Serial example:
Vol. 14, No Dec., 1998
Cover

65. Serial example: Table of Contents Page 201 (first page)
DECEMBER VOL. 14, NO. 3
Table of Contents
Page 201 (first page)

66. Serial example: Verso of Table of Contents Page ( P. 202)
East Tennessee Historical Society
P.O.Box 1629, Knoxville, TN
Tennessee Ancestors (ISSN )
is published triannually by the East
Tennessee Historical Society ...
Verso of Table of Contents
Page ( P. 202)

67. Basis of the Description: Which Issue?
The first issue (if available)
$a Began with v. 1, no. 1 (May 2002).
$a Began with 2007.
The earliest available issue
Always state source of description (CSR)
$a Description based on: Vol. 14, no. 3
(Dec. 1998).
$a Description based on: Vol. 1, no. 1
(May 2002).

68. Basis of the Description: Which Issue?
The first issue (if available)
$a Began with v. 1, no. 1 (May 2002). [CSR]
$a Vol. 1, no. 1 (May 2002)- [AACR2]
The earliest available issue
CSR: Always state source of description
$a Description based on: Vol. 14, no. 3 (Dec. 1998).
$a Description based on: Vol. 1, no. 1 (May 2002).
AACR2: State source of description if not first issue
$a Description based on v. 14, no. 3 (Dec. 1998

69. AACR2 If cataloging from first issue:
Formatted numbering statement
No 500 “Description based on” note
If not cataloging from first issue:
No Formatted numbering statement
500 “Description based on” note
If not cataloging from first issue, but have information about it:
Unformatted numbering statement (note)

70. For Example … Have first issue: Don’t have first issue:
$a Vol. 1, no. 1 (Jan. 2001)-
Don’t have first issue:
$a Description based on: Vol. 1, no. 2
(Apr. 2001).
Don’t have first issue, but have information about it:
$a Began with v. 1, no. 1 (Jan. 2001).
$a Description based on: Vol. 1, no. 2

71. Chief Source: What Source Within the Issue?
Title page
Title page substitutes (preferred order):
analytical title page (for series)
cover
caption
masthead
editorial pages
colophon
other pages

72. Noting Chief Source Note chief source, even if title page [CSR]
Combine with “Description based on” note:
Description based on: Vol. 1, no. 1 (Jan. 2001); title from cover.
Description based on: Jan. 2003; title from t.p.
Note chief source only if not title page [AACR2]
Title from cover.
Description based on: Jan

73. Main Entry Decision process:
Does it fit one of the categories in AACR2
21.1B2?
If not, what is the title?
Does this record need a uniform title?

74. AACR2 Chapter 21.1B2 Categories Most Often Used for Serials
Works of an administrative nature (Category A)
-- e.g., annual reports and directories
Collective thought of a body (Category C)
-- e.g., Reports of commissions
Collective activity of a body (Category D)
-- e.g., Conference proceedings

75. Main Entry Entry under corporate body:
$a International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes.
$a Annual report / $c ICSID.
Entry under title (most common):
$a Look Japan.
$a Adobe magazine.

76. Uniform Title Main Entry (LCRI 25.5B)
Optional (CSR):
$a Network (Bristol, England)
$a Network.
$a Network (Friends of the Earth)
Required (even for CSR):
$a Bulletin (Florida Orange Growers)
$a Bulletin.
$a Bulletin (Friends of the Earth)

77. Main Entry Entry under personal author (rare): 100 1- $a Gresham, Don.
$a The country music newsletter.

78. Title Proper: 245 $a, $n, $p
Title proper includes subfields $a (title), $n (numbering of section), and $p (name of section)
Importance of the title proper:
used to determine major changes
used in links
$a OAH newsletter.
$a The bookman. $n Part B.
$a Journal of physics. $n E,
$p Scientific instruments.
$a Country profile. $p China,
Mongolia.

79. Title Proper Omit variable data 5th Annual report Annual report
On piece: In record:
5th Annual report Annual report
The 1994 Directory The … directory
In our example:
$a Tennessee ancestors.
$a Description based on: Vol. 14, no. 3
(Dec. 1998); title from cover.

80. Other Title Information
Transcribe when considered useful:
To provide clarification of the title proper
$a Focus : $b a journal of legal studies. or
$a Focus.
$a “A journal of legal studies.”
To “explain” the title proper (LCRI 12.1E1)
$a Nature Conservancy : $b [newsletter].
Cataloger’s judgment

81. Other Title Information
Initialisms/acronyms:
Cataloging world.
CW [CSR]
Cataloging world : $b CW.
CW [AACR2]
Parallel titles:
Annual review.
Rapport annuel [CSR]
Annual review = $b rapport annuel.
Rapport annuel [AACR2]

82. Other Title Information
Statement of responsibility
Tennessee ancestors. [CSR]
Tennessee ancestors : $b a tri-annual
publication of the East Tennessee Historical
Society. [AACR2]

83. Title and statement of responsibility
Transcribe the title proper as instructed in 1.1B.
Do not transcribe words that serve as an introduction and are not intended to be part of the title. Give the title including these words in a note.
Muscle car and truck buyer’s guide.
246 1 $i Title appears on item as: $a Price guide presents-- muscle car and truck buyer’s guide.
But, don’t omit words that are grammatically linked.
Political pulse’s education beat.
Education beat
12.1B1. Correct obvious typographic errors when transcribing the title proper, and give the title as it appears on the resource in a note. (This is not what is done with all other types of materials)
Housing starts
246 1 $i Issue for 1998 has title: $a Housing sarts

84. Title and statement of responsibility
12.1B1. If the title proper includes any statements that mention earlier, later titles, etc. whether or not they are grammatically linked, do not transcribe them as part of the title proper.
12.1B2. When the title proper appears in a full form and in the form of an acronym or initialism in the chief source, choose the full form as the title proper.
Bulletin of experimental treatment for AIDS : $b BETA : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation.
BETA

85. Title and statement of responsibility
12.1B7. Omit numbers, dates, etc. that change with every issue and replace with the mark of omission, unless it occurs at the beginning of the title or the end of the title. If it is grammatically linked to the end of the title, the mark of omission should be used.
On resource: 1989 income tax guide
In record: Income tax guide.
On resource: Frommer’s guide to Montreal 2002
In record: Frommer’s guide to Montreal.
On resource: Annual report for 1989
In record: Annual report for …
On resource: Illinois 1998 state budget
In record: Illinois … state budget.
On resource: Frommer’s guide to Nashville on $45 a day In record:
Frommer’s guide to Nashville on $… a day.

86. Title and statement of responsibility
12.1E1. Other title information: Transcribe other title information only when it fits one of these categories and only from the chief source of information.
An acronym or initialism of the title appears with the full form
The statement of responsibility is an integral part of the other title information
110 2 Jane Austen Society of North America.
JASNA news : $b the newsletter of the Jane Austen Society of North America / #c Jane Austen Society of North America.
Newsletter of the Jane Austen Society of North America
If the title proper consists solely of the name of a corporate body, conference, etc., supply a brief subtitle to identify the title.
110 2 Lewis and Clark Library System.
Lewis & Clark Library System : $b [directory of members].

87. Title and statement of responsibility
Usually do not record other title information that does not include the statement of responsibility and adds little to the understanding of the title.
Consider adding when the other title information indicates the nature of the resource and the title proper doesn’t, or if the title is nondistinct and the subtitle would help with identification.
Images : $b journal of graphics and photography.
Journal of graphics and photography
Australia : $b the rough guide.
If the other title information does not meet any of the above criteria it may be added in a quoted note or ignored.
The reason that judgment should be used when adding this type of information is that it tends to be unstable, and can change from issue to issue.

88. Title and statement of responsibility
12.1F1. Transcribe statements of responsibility as instructed in 1.1F.
In order for a phrase to be a statement of responsibility it must appear formally and appear on the chief source or another prominent location.
The main entry and the statement of responsibility are not dependent on each other. A corporate body may be given in the statement of responsibility without being chosen as main entry, and the corporate body chosen as main entry does not have to appear in the statement of responsibility (but must appear somewhere in the body of the record).
Corporate bodies can be an issuing body or a commercial publisher. A commercial publisher is not given in the statement of responsibility. An issuing body often appears with prefatory words such as “issued by”, “prepared by”.

89. Title and statement of responsibility
When prefatory words appear with the name of the corporate body on the chief source, give the body as the statement of responsibility.
When the body appears without the prefatory words, give as the statement of responsibility only when it appears in conjunction with the title.
12.1F2. If the statement of responsibility is transcribed in full or abbreviated form, as part of the title proper, or other title information, do not give a further statement of responsibility unless the statement appears separately.
Personal names. Most personal names given on serials are editors or compilers. These should not be recorded in the statement of responsibility. Only record a personal name in the statement of responsibility if the personal name is main entry.
Personal names and corporate bodies not included in the statement of responsibility may be notated in a note, and added entries made if deemed important.

90. Variant Titles [CSR and AACR2]
$a Freeport daily journal.
$i Alternate issues published with title:
$a Chicago daily telegraph
$a Los Angeles design world.
$i Issues for Nov have title:
$a LA design world
Titles that do not appear on any pieces:
$a Tennessee ancestors.
$i Popularly known as: $a Tenn an

91. Statement of Responsibility
A corporate body appearing prominently in conjunction with the title:
News and events
Art Institute of Chicago
CSR: Statement of responsibility not required
National name authority record must exist
If no name authority record, follow AACR2 and transcribe in 245 $b or $c
$a News and events / $c Art Institute of
Chicago.

92. Variant Titles: Field 246 [CSR]
Titles that appear elsewhere on issue:
$a The miner & workman's advocate.
$a Advocate [cover title]
Other forms of the title:
$a Miner and workman's advocate
Parallel titles:
$a Japan report.
$a Nihon

93. Variant titles and title added entries
Serials tend to have many variant titles. Serials often have many forms of the title on the resource. Must always look for varying cover, caption, running, etc. titles
LCRI 21.30J gives the following guidelines for making variant title entries:
In general, give a variant title when:
It differs substantially from the title proper
It contributes to the identification of the serial (very important for copy cataloging and determining if a new record is needed)
It helps for searching in the online catalog
It is located prominently and is likely to be searched as the title

94. Variant titles and title added entries
Other title – Note, title added entry
Used for titles not specified by other second indicator values, not identified with $i. Includes masthead titles, colophon titles, etc.
Cover title – Note, title added entry
Handbook for members and visitors / $c The National Trust.
National Trust handbook for members and visitors
Caption title – Note, title added entry
Running title – Note, title added entry
Spine title – Note, title added entry

95. Variant titles and title added entries
(Use for portion of title) – No note, title added entry
Rodale’s organic gardening magazine.
Organic gardening magazine
JASNA news : $b the newsletter of the Jane Austen Society of North America / $c Jane Austen Society of America.
Newsletter of the Jane Austen Society of North America

96. Variant titles and title added entries
246 3 (Use for variation of title, not on piece) – No note, title added entry
DPS news / $c Missouri Department of Public Safety.
246 3 Department of Public Safety news
246 1 #i (Use to display text when none of the second indicator print constants are adequate) - Note, title added entry
Llewellyn’s … magickal almanac.
Magickal almanac
246 1 #i Vols. for <199u>- have title: $a Llewellyn’s … magical almanac
Australia : $b the rough guide.
246 1 $i Title from p. [4] of cover: $a Rough guide to Australia

97. Fields 730 and 740
Use field 730 for an entry for a related work that has a title authority record or a bibliographic record that is a serial.
Prevention’s herbal remedies.
Herbal remedies
730 0 Prevention. (Prevention is a serial in its own right)
Use field 740 for titles of sections within the serial.
The guide to skydiving.
500 Some issues include: Skydiving in Missouri.
Skydiving in Missouri. (Skydiving in Missouri is not a serial, it is just an insert and is not an established heading)

98. Uniform Titles From LCRI August 2002
Use judgment in determining the most appropriate qualifier for the serial/series being cataloged. Possible qualifiers are given in the following list; the list is not prescriptive and is not in priority order. If none of these qualifiers are appropriate, use any word(s) that will serve to distinguish one serial/series from the other. Use more than one qualifier if needed to make the uniform title unique.
Corporate body
Date of publication
Descriptive data elements, e.g. edition statement, GMD, physical medium
Place of publication
Corporate body – Use the AACR form of the name exactly as given on the name authority record for the body.
130 0 Network news (Friends of Canadian Broadcasting)
Network news.

99. Uniform Titles
Date of publication – Usually use the date when the same serial, in changing its title, repeats an earlier title.
110 2 St. Louis Zoological Park.
Annual report (1998)
Annual report / #c St. Louis Zoological Park.
(Note: Title : Annual report : Report : Annual report)
Edition statement – Used when a serial that is issued in editions has identical titles.
130 0 Guide to reptiles (Western ed.)
Guide to reptiles.
250 Western ed.

100. Uniform Titles
Place of publication – Can be used to distinguish titles. Use the AACR form of the place name. Prefer to use corporate body if possible.
130 0 Network news (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Network news

101. Sample Record [CSR]: Type a ELvl Srce Gpub Ctrl Lang eng
Blvl s Form Conf ■ Freq ■ MRec Ctry tnu
S/L Orig ■ EntW Regl ■ Alph
Desc a SrTp p Cont DtSt c Dates 19uu, 9999
$a Tennessee ancestors.
$a Description based on: Vol. 14, no. 3 (Dec. 1998);
title from cover.

102. Sample Record [AACR2]: Type a ELvl Srce Gpub Ctrl Lang eng
Blvl s Form Conf Freq t MRec Ctry tnu
S/L Orig EntW Regl r Alph
Desc a SrTp p Cont DtSt c Dates 19uu, 9999
$a Tennessee ancestors : $b a tri-annual
publication of the East Tennessee Historical Society.
$a Description based on: Vol. 14, no. 3 (Dec. 1998);
title from cover.

103. Summary
Base the description on the first or earliest available issue in hand
The chief source is the title page or its substitute (cover, caption, etc.)
Most serials are entered under title
Uniform titles are sometimes used to distinguish different serials with the same title (entered under title)
Record the title proper as it appears on the chief source, except for capitalization, punctuation and omissions
Record other title information when considered useful
There are important differences between the CONSER standard record and AACR2 practice

104. Editions   Audience: Content: 250 -- $a Northwest ed.
$a Southern ed.
$a Reference ed.
$a Personal ed.
$a Spanish ed.
$a English ed.
Content: 
1st. ed., 2nd ed., 3rd ed., etc.
$a Began with 1st. ed.
1990 ed., 1991 ed., etc.
$a Began with 1990 ed.

105. Publication Information
Record place and name of publisher according to
rules in Chapter 1
Change in place of publication
Country of publication: nyu
$a Chicago, Ill.
$a Published: New York, 1996-
CSR: 260 subfield $c optional
AACR2: If first and/or last piece in hand, use $c $a Knoxville, TN : $b East Tennessee
Historical Society, $c 1985-
$a Los Angeles, Calif. : $b Westwood
Productions, $c

106. Publication Information [CSR]
In the case of our serial example, the 260 field would appear as follows:
$a Knoxville, TN : $b East Tennessee Historical Society

107. Physical Description CSR: Required for all tangible, non-print
resources (subfield $a only)
$a CD-ROMs
$a 12 microfilm reels
$a sound discs
CSR: Not required for print resources
AACR2: Required (all applicable subfields) $a v. : $b ill. ; $c 28 cm.
$a CD-ROMs : $b sd., col. ; $c 4 3/4 in.

108. Frequency Note Record the current frequency if known:
$a Annual
CSR: Former frequency = optional
$a Quarterly, $b 2007-
$a Monthly, $b
Our example:
$a Three no. a year

109. Numbering Field 362 Use only when:
Information is available about first/last issue
$a Began in 1990.
$a Began with v. 1 in 1990.
$a Ceased in 1989.

110. Numbering Both numbering and chronology present: Our example:
On piece: No. 1 January 1997
$a Began with no. 1 (January 1997).
On piece: Volume
$a Began with Volume 8 (1995).
On piece: No
$a Began with no. 1 (1999/2000).
Our example:
$a Description based on: Vol. 14, no. 3
(Dec. 1998); title from cover.

111. Recording the Numbering
Change Roman numerals to Arabic [CSR = option]
On piece: Vol. XVI, number 1
$a Began with v. 16, no. 1.
Convert words to numbers [CSR = option]
On piece: One 1999
$a Began with 1 (1999).
Change punctuation when it makes more sense
On piece: (earliest); (last)
$a Began with 1990/1991; ceased with 1999/2000.

112. Notes Provide further information not found in the description
Avoid too much detail
Give in numeric tag order (except 533)
Use dates when note doesn’t apply to all issues
$a Publisher varies: Blackwell, 1998-
$a Vols. for <1995-> issued by …

113. Required Notes [CSR] Source of title note:
$a Title from caption.
$a Title from cover.
"Description based on” note:
$a Description based on: Vol. 19,
no. 2 (Feb ).
$a Description based on: Vol. 1, no. 1
(Jan. 1923).
These notes should be combined:
$a Description based on 1990;
title from t.p.

114. Required Notes [CSR] Latest issue consulted note:
$a Description based on: 1990;
title from t.p.
$a Latest issue consulted: 2001.
Even when cataloging based on one issue:
$a Description based on: 1918;
$a Latest issue consulted: 1918.

115. Other 500 Notes 500 -- $a Some issues also have a
distinctive theme title.
$a Published: New York, N.Y.,
July 1989-

116. Numbering Peculiarities (515)
$a Began with no. 1.
$a No omitted.
$a Began with 1950.
$a Vols. for also called 11th-
annual report.
$a Began with v. 1, no. 1 (spring 1995).
$a Some vols. lack numbering.
$a Began with 95/1.
$a Numbering begins again each year
with 1.

117. Supplements (525) 525 -- $a Has supplements.
$a Outlook and situation report. $p Oil
crops.
$a Supplemented by an annual
yearbook with title: Outlook and
situation yearbook. Oil crops.
$a Outlook and situation yearbook.
$p Oil crops.

118. Issuing Body Note (550)
Not required for CSR if authority record exists
$a Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.
$a San Diego : $b Academic Press
$a Published under the auspices of the
International Academy of Science. [optional]
$a International Academy of Science.
550 required if issuing body changes
$a Cornish studies.
$a Exeter, Devon : $b University of Exeter
Press
$a Vols. for issued by: Institute of
Cornish Studies.
$a Institute of Cornish Studies.

119. Sample Record [CSR] Type a ELvl Srce Gpub Ctrl Lang eng
Blvl s Form Conf ■ Freq ■ MRec Ctry tnu
S/L Orig ■ EntW Regl ■ Alph
Desc a SrTp p Cont DtSt c Dates 19uu,9999
$a Tennessee ancestors.
$a Knoxville, TN : $b East Tennessee Historical
Society
$a Three no. a year
$a Description based on: Vol. 14, no. 3 (Dec. 1998);
title from cover.
$a East Tennessee Historical Society.

120. Summary Be careful with “editions”
Always record current frequency, if known
Record numbering information in 362
Notes should be useful and not too detailed
For CSR, always supply:
Source of title note, even if title page
“Description based on” note, even if first issue
“Latest issue consulted” note

121. Key Elements in the Fixed Field
Publication status = currently published, ceased
(“dead”), or unknown
Beginning/ending dates = base this on year(s) in 362;
when there are multiple years,
use later year (e.g., 1994 for
1993/1994)
Frequency = how often the serial is published
Regularity = is the frequency regular or not
(Coding for frequency and regularity optional in CSR)

122. Fixed Field Type a ELvl I Srce d GPub Ctrl Lang eng
BLvl s Form Conf ■ Freq ■ MRec Ctry tnu
S/L _ Orig ■ EntW Regl ■ Alph
Desc a SrTp _ Cont DtSt c Dates 19uu,9999

123. More Elements in the Fixed Field
Type of continuing = monographic series,
resource newspaper, periodical,
or none of the above
Entry convention = all current serial records
are coded as “0” for
successive entry

124. Sample Record Fixed Field Coding
Publication status c (current)
Beginning/ending dates 19uu, 9999
Frequency ■ (CSR = optional)
Regularity ■ (CSR = optional)
Type of continuing p (periodical)
resource
Entry convention 0 (successive)

125. Major/minor changes – 21.2
New terminology. No longer referring to the need for a new record as a title change. Are now referring to major and minor changes.
A major change in a serial requires a new record.
A minor change does not result in a new record, but may require revision of the record, e.g. adding a variant title note and added entry.
Why was this change made?
Desire for fewer new records
Desire for fewer new ISSNs
Harmonization effort among AACR, ISSN, ISBD

126. Decision Process: Determining Major Changes
AACR2/LCRI:
21.2C (Serial title changes)
21.3B (Responsible body changes for serials)
CONSER Cataloging Manual, Module 16
Publisher really intend to change the title?
Look at all the issues in hand

127. Major and Minor Changes
AACR2 uses the concepts of “major
change” and “minor change” as follows:
A major change is a change that requires a new record
A minor change does not require a new record and can be noted in the record when important

128. Major/minor changes – 21.2
Basic principle: Only those changes indicating a new work should result in a new record.
Major changes that would result in a new record
Main entry changes
Translated serial undergoes change in original title
Change in corporate body used as a uniform title qualifier
Major change in title proper
Change in physical format
Major change in edition statement

129. Major/minor changes – 21.2 Change in physical format
If the change in format would result in a new GMD or SMD a new record should be made.
Print to online
Microfilm to microfiche
Major change in edition statement
If the change in an edition statement indicates a change in subject matter or a change in physical format, make a new record.
North American ed. Becomes North and Central American ed.
Minor change would be Doctor’s ed. becomes Physician’s ed.

130. Major/minor changes – 21.2 Title proper major changes – 21.2A1
TEST ALL POTENTIAL CHANGES AGAINST THE 245 AND NOT ANY 246s.
Addition, deletion, change, or reordering of any of the first five words (minus initial article), unless the change is among one of the minor change exceptions
Annual report becomes Biennial report
Organic gardening and farming becomes Organic farming and gardening
Rodale’s prevention becomes Prevention
Books, magazines, and films becomes Books, magazines, films, and internet sources
Words are added, dropped or changed anywhere in the title that change the meaning of the title or indicate a different subject matter.
The best bed & breakfasts in the world becomes The best bed & breakfasts in the United States
Major change in the name of a corporate body (i.e., new heading needed) recorded as part of the title proper.
Reports of the Institute of High Speed Mechanics becomes Reports of the Institute of Fluid Mechanics

131. Major/minor changes – 21.2 Minor changes in title proper – 21.2A2
These changes do not require a new record. Usually the variant title will be listed in a note. If the change is minor and does not affect access, a general note may be enough: 500 Title varies slightly.
The only change is in the representation of a word or words
Abbreviated word or symbol vs. spelled out form
Free U.S. tourist attractions.
246 1 $i Vols. for have title: $a Free United States tourist attractions
Singular vs. plural form
Cats and dogs monthly.
246 1 $i Some issues have title: $a Cat and dog monthly

132. Major/minor changes – 21.2 One spelling vs. another
Cataloguing quarterly.
246 1 $i Vols. for Aug have title: $a Cataloging quarterly
Arabic numeral(s) vs. Roman numeral(s)
SAT II subject tests.
246 1 $i Vols. for <199u>- have title: $a SAT 2 subject tests
Numbers or dates vs. spelled out forms
Coins of the 20th century.
246 1 $i Vols. For have title: $a Coins of the twentieth century
One-word compounds vs. two-word compounds whether hyphenated or not
Hyphenated words vs. unhyphenated words
An acronym or initialism vs. full form
DPS news to Department of Public Safety news St. Louis news to Saint Louis news

133. Major/minor changes – 21.2
An article, preposition, or conjunction is added, deleted, or changed anywhere in the title. Give an added entry if the change occurs in the first five words.
Annual report of pipeline safety.
246 1 $i Some issues have title: $a Annual report on pipeline safety.
If the name of the same corporate body is added, deleted or moved; or the representation of the name is changed (but a new heading is not required).
Official rules / #c National Hockey League.
246 1 $ i Issues for 1994/95- have title: $a Official rules of the National Hockey League
Handbook for members and visitors of the National Trust.
246 1 $i Vols. for have title: $a Handbook for members and visitors
London
246 1 $i Issues for have title: $a Fodor’s London (If Fodors was already the publisher, minor. If Fodors was not the publisher, major)

134. Major/minor changes – 21.2 Punctuation is changed GBB becomes G.B.B.
The order of titles changes when the title is given in more than one language. But, if the title chosen as the title proper no longer appears on the serial as a parallel title, consider the change to be a major one.
Words linking the title to the chronological designation are added, deleted, or changed. If the change occurs within the first five words give a note and an added entry.
Fluctuating titles – A fluctuating title is one that changes back and forth on a regular basis. An example would be a newspaper whose Sunday issue has a different title.
Daily gleaner.
246 1 $i Sunday issues have title: $a Sunday gleaner

135. Major/minor changes – 21.2
Words are added or deleted from a list, or order changed, with no significant subject change.
Guidance for words in a list
To be a list, there must be 3 or more items.
Are the changes significant enough to be considered a major change because there is a significant change in subject matter?
Quarterly report of Edwardsville, Collinsville, Maryville, and Glen Carbon becomes Quarterly report of Edwardsville, Maryville, Glen Carbon and Collinsville. (minor change)
Quarterly report of Edwardsville, Collinsville, Maryville, and Glen Carbon becomes Quarterly report of Edwardsville, Collinsville, Troy, Maryville and Glen Carbon. (minor change)

136. Major/minor changes – 21.2
Words indicating type of resource are added or dropped anywhere in the title.
This is meant to reduce the need for new records when words such as magazine are added or dropped.
Words such as bulletin, journal, magazine, review, and study are terms that indicate the type of resource.
Organic chemistry review becomes Organic chemistry Outlook magazine becomes Outlook Active projects becomes Active projects report
But Atlantic becomes Atlantic monthly would be a major change because monthly is a frequency word and not a word indicating type of resource.
All changes in numbering are minor changes
IN CASE OF DOUBT, CONSIDER THE CHANGE TO BE MINOR!!

137. Closing off serial records
Fixed fields
Publication status – change to d (dead)
Dates – Add ending date from 362 or 260 if known. Use partial date if complete date unknown.
260 $c – Ending date of publication
Give when last issue is in hand, and information is known. Do not guess.
300 $a – Extent of item
Give number of vols. if the information is readily available.
362 – Ending designation
Use 1st indicator “0” when last issue is in hand
362 0 Vol. 1, no. 1 (Jan. 1954)-v. 25, no. 12 (Dec. 1979).
362 0 –1995.
Use 1st indicator “1” when last issue is not in hand, but information is known
362 1 Ceased with 1995.

138. Closing off serial records
Notes are not usually closed off, but could be.
785 – Succeeding entry
Give when title is continued by a new title, absorbed by another title, etc.

139. Linking fields - 78X
78X fields are used for earlier and later titles and other related titles. See OCLC Bib formats for details on 78X fields.
In these linking fields use the catalog entry of related publication. If the record has a uniform title use that in linking fields.
$t Baseball today (Saint Louis, Mo.)
$a St. Louis Zoological Park. $t Annual report (1998)
Use ISSN ($x) and control numbers ($w) when known
$t Advances in automotives $x $w (DLC) #w(OCoLC)

140. Linking fields - 78X
Use field 580 (Linking field complexity note) when:
a) Relationships are too complex to be understood just by 7XX fields.
580 Merged with: Model airplanes and Model trains to form: Creative models.
$t Model airplanes.
$t Model trains.
$t Creative models.
b) Used with field 787 to explain the relationship
580 Extracted from Fodor’s California.
787 1 $t Fodor’s California.
c) To explain a change in format when the title remains the same
130 0 Gardening time (Online)
Gardening times $h [electronic resource]
580 Continues the former print ed. of: Gardening times.
$t Gardening times

141. Linking fields - 78X
When title changes can be explained by indicators, use 780s and 785s with appropriate indicators.
Earlier title: $t Asian politics
Later title: $t Asian politics and government.
Absorbed by: $t World government today.

142. Types of online serials
E-serials “born digital,” that is, originally published online
some of these may later appear in cumulated print format
Reproductions, republications, simultaneous editions of print titles
Issued by original print publisher, a contracted third party or as part of a digital library project

143. Types of online serials
Titles that are part of a database of aggregated titles
May vary in completeness of reproduction and coverage of issues
May be the most predominate type of e-serial that libraries purchase and need to control

144. Going digital
An online version of a print serial or other physical format serial that does not retain separate discrete parts or issues in online format, would be cataloged as an integrating resource

145. Basic steps for cataloging online serials
Is it a serial, integrating resource, or monograph?
Search for copy
Choose format and fixed fields
Select the chief source for title and other bibliographic information
Make entry decisions

146. Basic steps for cataloging online serials
Formulate uniform title if necessary
Record title statement, identify variant titles and other added entries
Provide descriptive elements: 250, 260, 362, notes
Provide appropriate subject headings and classification
Provide linking note fields
Provide URLs

147. Aggregator-Neutral Record
CONSER and OCLC have announced plans for collapsing separate records for a title offered by multiple aggregators
The resulting record would not describe details of any particular aggregator- focus on the title
This would facilitate local adaptation of records for titles in aggregator databases

148. Choose format and fixed fields
Continuing resource or computer file format, the appropriate Type of Record code (leader/06)
a Language material.
Use code "a" to indicate that the content of the resource is for non-manuscript language material.
m Computer file.
Use code "m" to indicate that the content of the record is for the following classes of electronic resources: computer software (including programs, games, fonts), numeric data, computer-oriented multimedia, online systems or services.

149. Form of item, original item
Code "s", for coding the Form of Item (008/23) and Form of original item (008/22)
The current CONSER practice for coding records for textual electronic serials is:
008/23 (Form of item): s
008/22 (Form of original): s

150. Sources of information
Basis of the description (AACR2 12.0B1)
First or earliest issue for:
Title and statement of responsibility
Edition
Beginning numbering (last issue is the source for ending designation)
Publication (last issue for ending date)
All issues or parts for:
Series
Notes
Standard number and availability

151. Sources: Aggregator databases
When multiple versions of a title are available in several packages base the description:
On the original publisher Web site if full text of the serial is available there and you have access to it
A host site (such as Ingenta or HighWire) or an archival site such as JSTOR. If the first issue is available at an archive site, prefer it to a publisher site
Sources you have access to, records for the print, article based databases (e.g. ProQuest) etc.

152. Chief source of information
9.0B1: The chief source of information for electronic resources is the resource itself. Take the information from formally presented evidence (e.g. title screen(s), main menus, program statements, initial display(s) of information, home page(s), the file header(s) including “Subject:” lines, encoded metadata (e.g. TEI headers, HTML/XML meta tags) ...
If the information presented in these sources varies in degree of fullness, prefer the source that provides the most complete information.
So the source of title proper should be the most complete presentation of title (AACR2 9.0B1) in conjunction with the first or earliest available issue (AACR2 12.0B1).

153. Title statement and source of title note
Record
title proper
GMD [electronic resource]
the rest of the title statement
Always give source of title (AACR2 9.1B2, 9.7B3), and source of edition statement if different from source of title (9.2B1)
In a newly created record give date the source was viewed in a note

154. Title Source Note (500)
Record an explicit indication of the provider in title source and description based on notes. Also record the file format if available in multiple formats.
500 Title from title screen (publisher’s website, viewed Mar. 22, 2003).
500 Title from caption (IDEAL PDF, viewed May 20, 2003).
500 Description based on: Vol. 5, no. 1 (Jan. 1995); title from contents (OCLC FirstSearch, viewed June 10, 2003).

155. Record title variants (246)
“Make notes on titles by which a bibliographic resource is commonly known or on titles borne by the resource other than the title proper” --AACR2 1.7B4
Give added title entries per LCRI 21.30J

156. Variant titles continued
Includes:
Titles found on other screens or objects that serve a specific function, e.g.:
contents screens
navigation bars
source code or title bar
home page or other pages not selected as chief source
Phrases containing introductory wording that were omitted from the title proper, per 1.1B1

157. Uniform title
Add a uniform title when there is a title conflict with an unrelated serial per LCRI 25.5B
Add a uniform title if the electronic version has the same title as the print, and the print has been cataloged first, following LCRI 25.5B
Add a uniform title when the title ceases in one format (e.g. print) and is continued in another format with the same title

158. Notes Required notes: 500 Source of title 538 System requirements
Specify any unusual special hardware or software requirements
Only give requirements that apply to all versions
538 Mode of access note. (AACR2 9.7B1)

159. Notes
Other notes:
506 Restrictions on access note. CONSER has agreed to generally not use this note for the national record. GPO will use it to specify information about resources classified as confidential. Subfield $z of the 856 field is recommended for giving information about access restrictions, when needed.
515 Numbering peculiarities.
516 Type of computer file or data. CONSER has decided to cease using this note, unless unusual information about file formats needs to be noted. Avoid recording terms such as: Text (electronic journal) which are too vague to be meaningful.
520 Summary AACR B18 A brief summary is useful if the information doesn’t appear elsewhere in the record.

160. ISSN for e-serials
Current policy is separate ISSN for paper and online serials
Publishers might be:
Printing multiple ISSN one labeled “print ISSN” and the other labeled “online ISSN”
Printing a single ISSN not labeled as print or online
These may or may not be the correct ISSN

161. Electronic Location and Access
Record the URL for a remote access serial to cite the location of that serial in the 856 field. Use second indicator “0” to indicate that the URL is for the item cataloged.
CONSER practice: An 856 can be placed on a record for a print serial when there is an online version, regardless of whether the online version is separately cataloged or not. Use second indicator “1.”

162. Access -- The Single-Record Approach
Advantages
Benefits of complete print serial records
Doesn’t require cataloging expertise
Staff can process larger packages in a more timely fashion
Disadvantages
Cataloging still required for those titles not already held in print
Loss of access points and description specific to the electronic version
Maintenance difficult for tutti-frutti packages

163. Single Record Approach
Libraries may note information about the electronic version on the record for the print publication rather than separately cataloging the electronic version
This is not a multiple versions record
Generally, libraries only use for titles they hold in print, but can also be used if library doesn’t hold the print version

164. Single record approach – Advantages
Patron/public service staff convenience
Generally cheaper to catalog
More timely access
Fewer records to maintain

165. Single record approach – Disadvantages
Difficult to search for electronic versions because of loss of electronic descriptive information
If records sets are available, may be cheaper to load separate records
Resource sharing issues

166. Single record approach – Factors
Single record approach works well when
Online version contains enough original content that it can act as a surrogate or substitute for the original
Online version only contains selections (e.g., TOC, abstracts) and thus not worth cataloging separately
Separate records should be used when
There are significant differences between print and online content
Library wants separate records for identification purposes or other local considerations

167. Additional factors Record set availability
Collection development issues
Staffing levels and expertise
Local workflows and practices
Your OPAC
Vendor-supplied services
User needs