1. 1 Foundations of American Education, Fifth Edition L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

2. 2 Chapter 7 Modern American Education: From the Progressive Movement to the Present PowerPoint Presentation L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

3. 3 The Twentieth Century Unfolds The people and the nation grow population growth lower infant mortality rate increase in urban population improved sanitation international growth L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 4 The Twentieth Century Unfolds (continued) Economic Growth increase in production expansion of transportation industry expansion of communication industry largest manufacturing nation political and business corruption L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

5. 5 The Twentieth Century Unfolds (continued) Politics and Reform anti-trust legislation increase in labor unions progressive movement reform was the “order of the day” L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

6. 6 The Twentieth Century Unfolds (continued) Changes in Education consolidation of school districts increase in state control increase in state enrollment increase in number of teachers longer school year L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

7. 7 Progressivism in Education The Beginnings of Progressive Education –Francis W. Parker John Dewey L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

8. 8 Progressivism in Education (continued) Ella Flagg Young Progressive Education Association –seven guiding principles –William H. Kilpatrick L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

9. 9 The Child Study and Measurement Movements The Child Study Movement –G. Stanley Hall –was the foundation for education and developmental psychology The Measurement Movement –Terman and Thorndike – intelligence tests –testing of World War I recruits L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

10. 10 Education During the Great Depression Impact on the Schools New Deal Programs Benefiting Students and Schools Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) National Youth Administration (NYA) Public Works Administration (PWA) The Works Projects Administration (WPA) Indian New Deal L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

11. 11 Progressivism in Education George S. Counts and Social Reconstructionism the focus is more on society William C. Bagley and the Essentialists essentialism The Influence of the Second World War the impact on schools L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

12. 12 The Influence of the Second World War Impact on elementary and secondary schools –enrollments decline –reduced funding Impact on college and universities –decline in enrollments and income –vital role in preparing military and civilian personnel –the G.I. Bill L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

13. 13 The Critics and the Decline of Progressive Education Arthur Bestor Robert Hutchins Hyman Rickover Life adjustment education L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

14. 14 The Montessori Movement gained momentum in 1950s individualized instruction create interest and motivation designed to teach self-discipline L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

15. 15 From Sputnik to the New Federalism Curriculum Reforms –National Defense Education Act (NDEA) –James Conant The American High School Today (1959) –Jerome Bruner –Jean Piaget Education and the War on Poverty –Federal education legislation Vocational Education Act Economic Opportunity Act – Head Start Elementary and Secondary Act of 1965 Higher Education Act L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

16. 16 The Civil Rights Movement the Brown decision the Civil Rights Act and desegregation further advances in civil rights education –Lau v. Nichols –Bilingual Education Act –Title IX of the Education Amendment –Title VII of the Civil Rights Act social unrest L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

17. 17 The 1970s: Retreat and Retrenchment Nixon administration (1969-1974) –retreat from the War on Poverty –Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 –Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 –Serrano v. Priest Carter administration (1977-1981) established the Department of Education L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

18. 18 The 1980s: Renewed Conservatism and Reform New Federalism decline in federal funds A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform (1983) first wave of reform (1983-1986) second wave of reform (1986-1990) L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

19. 19 The 1990s: National Goals, National Standards, and Choice adoption of national education goals Goals 2000: Educate America Act –national curriculum standards –“high-stakes testing” –a period of record enrollment L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

20. 20 The 1990s: National Goals, National Standards, and Choice (continued) School choice vouchers charter schools privatization L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

21. 21 A New Century Begins No Child Left Behind –larger federal presence in educational policy and funding –“highly qualified” teachers –yearly testing/adequate yearly progress –sanctions changing governmental roles L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.