1. Industrialization and Progressivism CSS 11.1, 11.2, 11.3. 11.5, 11.6
Unit 2—Chapters 3 – 4
Industrialization and Progressivism
CSS 11.1, 11.2, , 11.6

2. Part Five Drive for Reform
EQ: What areas did Progressives think were in need of the greatest reform?

3. Progressive Movement, 1890 - 1920
the Gilded Age made some very wealthy but left many very poor
middle class reformers wanted to help the poor and restrain the worst excesses of big business
presidents, governors and voters made major changes to the law
famous Progressives:
Gov. “Fighting Bob” LaFollette (WI)
Gov. Hiram Johnson (CA)
Pres. Theodore Roosevelt
Pres. Woodrow Wilson

4. The Problems Progressives Wanted to Tackle
big business was unregulated
monopolies & trusts were too big
political machines had destroyed democracy
cities were filled with crime, filth, disease, & corruption
the poor, women, & blacks lacked basic rights
workers were exploited
wealth was unequally distributed

5. Reminder
Social Gospel movement
Settlement Houses and Jane Addams

6. Political Reforms 17th Amendment, 1913 Australian Ballot
voters pick US senators instead of the state congress
Australian Ballot
a secret ballot

7. Social Reforms Workers’ Rights Keating-Owen Act, 1916
many states passed laws to require job safety, worker’s compensation, and limit work hours
30,000 died on the job, 500,000 were injured in the 1900s
Keating-Owen Act, 1916
made child labor illegal but was thrown out by the Supreme Court
child labor was finally banned in 1938
Florence Kelly got Illinois to ban it
many states required children to go to school
John Dewey – facts vs. critical thinking, variety of subjects
we still debate whether school should focus on work skills or creative skills like art, writing, and social studies

8. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1911
a fire on the 8th floor prevented workers on the 9th floor from getting out of the building
the owners fled and left the doors locked
146 garment workers died either in the fire or from jumping to safety
The owners were acquitted and were fined $20 two years later for locking the doors during business hours
public outrage led to new laws that protected workers’ rights

9. Reforming Government Galveston Hurricane – 8000 died
Reorganized city gov’t from a mayor and alderman to a 5 person commission and city manager
Very successful – other cities adopted
Curbed power of political machines
Direct Primary – citizens pick Senate candidates, not party bosses

10. Political Reforms initiative referendum recall
voters can create state laws
if you get enough signatures you can put anything on the state ballot
referendum
voters can vote to allow or refuse state laws
some laws can’t take affect until both the state congress and the voters approve it
recall
voter can vote out elected officials
in 2003, Gov. Gray Davis became the 2nd governor to ever be recalled from office

11. Muckrakers
American journalists who exposed corruption in business and politics
laid the foundation for the Progressive Movement
Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil
Upton Sinclair – The Jungle
Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives
Lincoln Steffens – Shame of the Cities
David Phillips – Treason of the Senate

12. The Jungle + =
Upton Sinclair revealed the truth about the condition of the Chicago meat packing plants
Meat Inspection Act, 1906
authorized federal inspection of meat by the USDA
Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906
required food products to be labeled correctly
led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration