1. Colonies take Root
Chapter 3

3. The First English Settlements
England began to establish colonies in the New World in the late 1500’s
Roanoke was set up in 1585, but was abandoned without a trace by 1590.
It is unknown where the people went or what happened to them

5. The First English Settlements
In 1607, a group of wealthy people decided to establish a colony.
They formed the Virginia Company of London
They received a charter from King James I

6. The First English Settlements
These colonists settled in Chesapeake Bay and named their colony Jamestown
Many colonists were lazy and did not want to do work, many died from diseases
By 1608, only 38 out of 100 colonists lived

7. The First English Settlements
John Smith took control of the colony, he drew up new rules, the main one being “He who works not, eats not.”
After the colony had begun to revive itself, Smith returned to England
After this, the most of the people of Jamestown starved to death

9. The First English Settlements
The Virginia Company did not give up, they offered free land to colonists
Colonists found tobacco, which grew in the New World and was popular in England
By the early 1620’s, Virginia tobacco farmers were selling all the tobacco they could grow

10. The First English Settlements
Virginia began using a representative government called the House of Burgesses.
It could pass laws and set taxes, it shared power with the governor who could veto its acts
In 1619, the Dutch brought Africans to Virginia and sold as slaves

11. The First English Settlements
Between 1607 and 1609, the British colonists left England to go to the Netherlands because they were prosecuted for their religion.
They were still punished in the Netherlands, so they decided to leave and became Pilgrims

12. The First English Settlements
In September of 1620, 100 Pilgrims sailed for Virginia on a ship called the Mayflower.
They arrived in Massachusetts, and named their city Plymouth
They decided to set rules called the Mayflower Compact

13. The First English Settlements
These Pilgrims arrived too late to plant crops, half the colonists died from hunger or disease
By spring of 1621, the Native Americans helped the Pilgrims plan food.
In the Fall of 1621, was the first Thanksgiving Celebration

15. The New England Colonies
New England includes Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine.
Much of it is made of hills and low mountains, there are forest, thin rocky soil
Winters are long and snowy, summers are shorter and warm

17. The New England Colonies
The Puritans also had hard times in England, King Charles I did not like them and persecuted them.
Eventually they left England to go to the New World
They had formed the Massachusetts Bay Company and were led by John Winthrop

18. The New England Colonies
The Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony, they created a General Court
The Puritans founded their colony as religious toleration

20. The New England Colonies
More religious disagreements helped founding the other colonies in New England
Roger Williams who was a minister in Salem, Massachusetts, was forced to leave.
He moved south where he bought land from Native Americans and founded the town of Providence, in Rhode Island

21. The New England Colonies
A Boston woman, Anne Hutchinson was thrown out of Massachusetts and by 1642, ended up in what is now New York State

22. The New England Colonies
Thomas Hooker, left Massachusetts with 100 followers in 1636, and settled in is how Hartford, Connecticut
In 1639, the colonist created the “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut”
This established an elected legislature and governor

23. The New England Colonies
John Wheelright was forced to leave Massachusetts with followers and moved to Exeter, New Hampshire
Each Puritan town governed itself by having town meetings.
Only men who were heads of households were allowed at the meetings
The meetings set local taxes, elected people and allowed people to speak their minds

24. The New England Colonies
New England families grew crops, made leather goods and other products, caught fish and began a shipbuilding industry

25. The New England Colonies
In 1675, there was a conflict between Native Americans led by Metacom (King Phillip) and fought against the English colonists
In the 1670’s, there was a new generation born in the New World, towns began to grow and religion became less important

26. The Middle Colonies
These colonies are made up of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware
The climate was warmer then New England with a longer growing season
There was good soil for crops like wheat, fruits and vegetables

27. The Middle Colonies
New York began as the Dutch Colony of New Netherland, with successful farming along the Hudson river
The Dutch also traded with the English colonists
In 1664, England’s King Charles II gave all Dutch lands in the New World to his brother James, all he had to do was conquer the land
James sent warships to take over and the Dutch Surrendered.
New Netherland was renamed New York after the Duke of York

29. The Middle Colonies
In 1665, New Jersey split off fro New York to form a new colony
New Jersey began as a proprietary colony and in 1702, became a royal colony

30. The Middle Colonies
The Quakers believed that all people had a direct link to God, men were equal to women and they did not believe in slavery.
In England in the 1660’s, the Quakers refused to pay their taxes to the Church of England and were persecuted.
William Penn, a wealthy Englishman used his connection to get a charter for a new colony.
This colony ended up being Pennsylvania

32. The Middle Colonies
Delaware was settled by people from Sweden, then taken over by the Dutch, then the English
In 1704, Delaware became a separate colony

33. The Middle Colonies The top cash crop was wheat in the Middle Colonies
Manufacturing began in the 1700’s, they produced iron, flour and paper
There were now shoemakers, carpenters, masons, weavers and barrel makers

34. The Middle Colonies
The western section of Pennsylvania was called the backcountry
People who settled there were Scotch-Irish and German

35. The Southern Colonies
These are south of the Mason-Dixon line, which is the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania

36. The Southern Colonies
These colonies include Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia
These colonies share a coastal area and a swampy area
The weather in these colonies is warm and humid, there is a long growing season that is good for tobacco and rice
Both of these crops require many workers which eventually led to slavery

38. The Southern Colonies
The population of Virginia grew slowly, by 1670, there were 40,000
The colonists created conflicts with the Native Americans by taking more land to plant tobacco

40. The Southern Colonies
In the 1660’s, wealthy Virginia tobacco planters bought all the good farming land, which left no land for the poorer colonists
Most of these colonists had to work on the wealthier farms

41. The Southern Colonies
Poor colonists moved inland to find good farmland and fighting broke out with Native Americans
Nathaniel Bacon became the leader of the frontier settlers
He organized 1,000 westerners and began to attack and kill Native Americans, when he was called a rebel by the governor, he reacted by attacking Jamestown and burning it to the ground

42. The Southern Colonies
In 1632, King Charles I granted a charter for a new colony to George Calvert.
He settled Maryland, a safe place for Catholics
He set up a representative assembly similar to the House of Burgess
The Toleration Act of 1649 welcomed all Christians to the colony

44. The Southern Colonies
In 1663, King Charles II granted a charter to establish Carolina
Northern Carolina developed slowly, they lived on small farms working with tobacco and lumber
Southern Carolina grew quickly, sugar grew well, they brought slaves from Barbados and began to grow rice
Carolina was split into two colonies

46. The Southern Colonies
Georgia was founded for two reasons, first the English feared the Spanish would expand north from Florida
The second was a group of wealthy Englishmen led by James Oglethorpe wanted a colony that would be protection for English debtors
Slavery was banned in Georgia

48. The Southern Colonies
People who lived along the coast lived on plantations where cotton, sugar and rice were grown
Virginia and Maryland settled tobacco
The backcountry had people who usually lived on isolated farms
Many had one room shacks
Girls and women worked on the farms with them men

49. Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands
Spanish explorers reached Florida in early 1500’s.
In 1693, the Spanish said they would protect any enslaved Africans who escaped to Florida
By 1763, there were three Spanish settlements in Florida

50. Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands
The territory north of Mexico was called borderlands, the Spanish wanted to protect Mexico from other European powers
The Borderlands included Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Nevada and California

51. Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands
In 1598, Juan de Onate led an expedition to New Mexico to find gold, convert the Native Americans to Christianity and establish a permanent colony
The Native Americans suffered under Spanish rule, and in 1680, they drove the Spanish from the region

52. Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands
Roman Catholics tried to change Native Americans to Christianity
A missionary named Junipero Serra helped Spain to colonize California in 1769.
He helped create the city of San Diego, San Francisco and Los Angeles
The Spanish also set up presidios to defend the missions
The Spanish established pueblos

53. Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands
Thousands of Native Americans worked at Spanish missions
They farmed, built churches and learned crafts
They worked between five to eight hours a day, and five or six days a week
The Natives were punished harshly if they did not follow the mission rules