1. Progressive Era Reform Changing the Nation 1890s-1917

2. Who were the Progressives?” Those who wanted “progress” –Defined as reform or change –In politics, economics & in society Those who believed it was their job to push for changes Those who believed it was/is the government’s duty was to make the changes last Many were former Populists or current members of the Socialist or Communist party

3. Upton Sinclair Ida Tarbell Lincoln Steffans Theodore Dreiser Frank Norris David Graham Phillips Herbert Croly William Allen White Writers (a.k.a.Muckrakers)

4. Social Reformers Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Dubois Jane Addams Florence Kelly Lillian Wald John Dewey Charlotte Perkins Gilman Kate Chopin Carrie Chapman Catt/NAWSA Alice Paul/NWP WCTU/Frances Willard Anti-Saloon League Carrie Nation Walter Rauschenbusch

5. Political Reformers Samuel M. Jones Eugene Debs Hazen Pingree Hiram Johnson Tom Johnson Gifford Pinchot John Muir Robert LaFollette

6. Progressive Presidents… Trustbuster Teddy Roosevelt Regulation –Coal Miner’s Strike, 1901 –Trustbusting Consumer Protection –Neill-Reynolds Report Meat Inspection Act 1906 Pure Food & Drug Act 1906 Transportation/Communication –Northern Securities Case –Elkins Act 1903 –Hepburn Act 1906 Conservation –Land Revision Act & Forest Reserve Act 1890 –Nat. Reclamation Act 1902 –Nat. Monuments Act 1908

7. Progressive Presidents… The Honorable William Howard Taft Regulation –More trustbusting –Parcel & Postal Savings Banks –Dept of Commerce and Labor divided Transportation/Communication –Mann-Elkins Act, 1910 Conservation –Added 1 million forest acres to national reserve Disappointment to Progressives? –Sale of Alaska land, 1909 –Payne-Aldrich Tariff, 1909

8. Progressive Presidents… Making the World Safe for Democracy Woodrow Wilson Regulation –Fed. Reserve Act 1913 –Clayton Antitrust Act 1914 –Fed. Trade Commission 1913 –Sheppard-Towner Act 1921 Consumer Protection –Narcotics Act 1914 Conservation –More National Parks & Monuments –National Park Service Act 1916 –Federal Water Power Act 1920 Disappointment to Progressives? –Underwood-Simmons Tariff 1913

9. Local & State Accomplishments Direct primaries Secret Ballot Initiative, referendum & recall Commissioner & City Managers Women’s Labor Laws Child Labor Laws Workmen’s Compensation Laws

10. National Accomplishments Federal Income Tax –16 th Amendment Direct Election of US Senators –17 th Amendment Prohibition –18 th Amendment National Women’s Suffrage –19 th Amendment

11. Evaluation of the Progressive Era Uneven Pattern of reform –Reform follows “hot” and “cold” pattern Court Roadblocks –SC ruled some reforms unconstitutional Machine Politics Survived –Big businesses & bosses still control the political process Gov’t Intervention = anti-democracy? –Enlightened despotism or goals of socialism & communism Reformers’ Dark Sides –Eugenics, Racism, Moral Control Interests turned toward WWI –World events took center stage

12. Reflection Qs: discuss with your table partner, then write your answers: 1.Who was the most significant reformer of the era? Explain your choice. 2.Which reform do you think had the greatest and most significant impact on American society today? Explain. 3.List two things that you learned that were interesting &/or that you will remember easily a month from now.