1. Journal : What do you think of when you hear the term “Gothic”? What does it make you imagine, see, hear, etc. ?

2. Gothic Literature

3. Gothic: creation of literary works that employed such late medieval backdrops to explore dark aspects of human nature and the supernatural.

4. Gothic: - emotional extremes - Dark themes -Dark side of human nature -The things we fear and often don’t like to talk about. 1782 painting by Henry Fuseli, titled “The Nightmare”

5. History: - Gothic refers to a style of architecture started in the middle ages. - Ex: Notre Dame Cathedral - Synonymous with the Middle Ages = uncivilized & dark. - Enjoyed a revival in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France

6. Beginnings of Gothic Literature - First Gothic novel: The Castle of Otranto, by Horace Walpole, 1765. - Suspenseful, medieval, remote setting, supernatural - Based on Gothic architecture and draw from previous supernatural literature, such as Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Hamlet

7. Beginnings Continued… - Ann Radcliffe: The first great Gothic writer. - A Sicilian Romance (1790), Mysteries of Udolpho (1794), and The Italian (1797). - Wrote The Italian as a response to Lewis’s The Monk - Gave rise to division in Gothic literature: “Terror Gothic” and “Horror Gothic”

8. Reasons - Industrial revolution and political setting in the 18 th and 19 th Centuries made people afraid. - Gives an opportunity to have an emotional outlet for fears “Prse de la Bastille” (“Storming the Bastille”) by Jean-Pierre Houël (1735-1813)

9. Gothic Fiction in the Nineteenth Century - The Contest: Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary Shelley and John William Polidori at the Villa Diodati on the banks of Lake Geneva in the summer of 1816. - Birth of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) and Polidori's The Vampyre (1819).

10. Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus - Written by Mary Shelly in 1818. - Mary conceived an idea after she fell into a “waking dream” during which she saw "the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together." - Theme of the dangers of science & playing God. - Considered the first Sci- Fi novel, but written as a tale of terror.

11. Bram Stoker’s Dracula - Written in 1897 - Didn’t invent the vampire, but has been responsible for many interpretations of the vampire in the 20 th and 21 st centuries Gary Oldman in Bram Stoker’s Dracula

12. American Gothic - Poe: The connection between Gothic fiction and detective fiction. - Transformed Gothic into a psychological process. Relying on tone, mood, and setting. - Wrote: “The Raven,” “Tell-Tale Heart,” etc. “Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there, wondering, fearing, doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before.” “The Raven” - Edgar Allen Poe

13. Gothic Today - Everything from Vampires to Monsters - Point more toward horror - Authors: Ann Rice, Clive Barker, Stephen King, Dean Koontz, and Stephenie Meyer, etc. - Types: Urban Legends, Ghost Stories, Horror Novels, Suspense and Horror Movies

14. Characteristics of Gothic Lit. - A castle, ruined or intact, haunted or not - Ruined buildings, which are sinister - Dungeons, underground passages, crypts, labyrinths, dark corridors, etc. - Shadows, a flickering candle, or light failing - Omens and ancestral curses - Magic, supernatural beings, or suggestion of supernatural - A passion-driven, willful villain- hero, or villain - A curious heroine with a tendency to need rescuing - A hero with a hidden identity, revealed at the end - Horrifying events or threat of horrifying events.

15. Terror vs. Horror Terror - Intense, sharp, overmastering fear. - Psychological. Horror - an overwhelming and painful feeling caused by something frightfully shocking, terrifying, or revolting; a shuddering fear. - Physical, more animal in nature.

16. How do they do it? - Setting: Dark and sinister - Mood/Tone: melancholy - Literary devices: relies heavily on Imagery to make you feel and see what’s going on. - Also use similes, metaphors, characters, etc.

17. The Plot Outline

18. Plot Exposition: What we need to know to start the story. It inclues: Characters: direct the action. Usually a protagonist and antagonist, as well as major and minor characters Setting: Where, when, it takes place Conflict: The problem Inciting Incident: What starts the action Rising Action: Events leading to the climax Climax: The point of no return, the turning point Falling Action: Events that lead to the resolution Resolution: How the conflict is resolved for good or bad Theme: The message/purpose of the book or story.

19. More Plot Elements Point of View: Who’s telling the story. (is it a character, a narrator, the author, etc.) Protagonist: The hero or “good guy” in the story. Antagonist: The villain or “bad guy” in the story. Tone: Author’s attitude toward the subject of the story Mood: How the author wants you to feel

20. Literary Elements: Used to create a picture and help you see and feel the story. Metaphor: a direct comparison between two unlike things. Example: He is a pig. Simile: a comparison using like or as Example: He ate like a pig. Imagery: language used to invoke the senses Symbol: Something used to represent something else. Ex: red light represents stop