1. DISTANCE EDUCATION THE PRINCIPLES OF OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION Jenny Pange University of Ioannina Greece jennypagge@yahoo.gr

2. DISTANCE EDUCATION 1. Distance Education as a scientific research area 2.Open, non traditional and Distance Education 3.Definition of Distance Education

3. Distance Education as a Scientific Research Area History 1870-1970 (education via correspondence). 1900-2000 (diversity in delivery means). Now more than 30.000.000 adult learners.

4. History of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) 1.Isaac Pitman:Taught shorthand by correspondence in England,1840, UK, 2.University of Wisconsin & Penn State University in USA 1890 ( written correspondence) 3.Written correspondence followed by radio and TV broadcasts, intrnet (Europe, 20 th century)

5. ODL Traditional Education (lectures - seminars). Distance Learning (impersonal communication). Face to Face Distance Education.

6. Definition of ODL Separated and Non contiguous communication between students and teachers mediated by print, or any other form of information and communication technology

7. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Distance Learning 1.Electronic mail (e-mail) 2.Discussion Forums or bulletin board 3.Real Time Conferencing 4.Desktop Video 5.File Transfer Program (FTP) 6.Computer Simulation Programs (CSP)

8. Characteristics of Distance and Open Learning: 1.Separation of teachers and students 2.Influence of an educational organization 3.Need of students evaluation 4.Use of educational media 5.two-way communication between teachers and students (two way-interaction)

9. ODL is used by 1.Universities & Colleges 2.Schools (Primary and Secondary) 3.Corporate Organizations 4.Non-profit organizations 5.Government

10. Learning Theories

11. THEORIES FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION Independency and autonomy Industrialization of teaching Interaction and communication

12. E-learning solutions today The majority presents some serious deficiencies regarding: a)teaching strategies and content delivery, b)time and pace management, c)interface design and d)preservation of learners’ focus.

13. Student Characteristics Adult learners - experience. Personalization of studying. Isolation from the teacher and the other learners. Exploitation of studies - investment. Problems.

14. Student expectations 1.Collaboration 2.Connectivity 1.Shared knowledge 2.Multi-sensory experience

15. Problems of Adult Students Technical Problems: Lack of time and money. Distance between university - residence. Insufficient studying competences. Limited access to computers. Insufficient experience of e-learning. Insufficient technical knowledge (eg. Mathematics for computers).

16. Advantages of Distance Education  Increases the productivity proportional to investment in training.  Reduces travel costs for teachers and students  Reduces class equipment cost  Learners can do more productive work.  Helps more people for professional development  ODL can easier be to scheduled and also coordinated.  Flexibility to classes ( We can add students and teachers as needed)

17. The System Structure and Systems Thinking of Educational Administration in Distance & Open Education (slides 2) Notes by Dr. WANG XiaoMing 王晓鸣 M.Ed CUI YanLiang 崔延亮

19. EVALUATION Evaluation of the management of the Distance Education Systems

20. Conclusions 1.Distance Learning is a distinct research area in education. 2.Distance Learning have to be with traditional education (may exist as a supplement). 3.Distance Learning can be a necessary supplement to many educational systems. 4.The implementation cost of Distance Education programs can be affordable with the use of ICT 5.Distance Education programs, if managed in a concrete and efficient way, could enhance qualitatively the educational procedure.