1. Electron Dot and Structual Diagrams for Covalent Compounds

2. Lewis Structures Structural Diagrams show the number of bonds in a compound. Electron Dot Diagrams show the electrons involved in the bonds of compounds. H : H : O : : H - H - O Non-bonding e - or lone pairs Bonding e - 1 pair of electrons = 1 bond

3. Electron Dot Diagrams Determine the number of valence e - for an element.

4. 1e - 2e - 3e - 4e - 5e - 6e - 7e - 8e - valence electrons

5. Electron Dot Diagrams Determine the number of valence e - for an element. H Cl F S O P N C Si # valence e - 1 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 Cl :.: : H. F :.: : : S :.. : O :... P :... N :... C.... Si... # of bonds 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 When drawing structural diagrams, each element must have the correct number of bonds.

6. Each bond in the structural formula represents two electrons. All valence electrons must be used Each element must have a full valence orbital (8e - ), except H (2e - ) Try C 2 H 6 Electron Dot Diagrams

7. First, determine the central atom (the one with the most bonding electrons): Carbon 4 e- Hydrogen 1 e- So the central atoms will be?C

8. C2H6C2H6 C.... Electron Dot Diagrams

9. C.. C...... C2H6C2H6

10. C2H6C2H6 C.. C... H H... H H H H...... All atoms have a full shell Electron Dot Diagrams

11. C2H6C2H6 C.. C... H H... H H H H...... All atoms have a full shell Electron Dot Diagrams

12. A structural diagram is one that shows each bond as a line. Each line represents 2 bonding electrons. Lone pairs are not shown in a structural diagram C2H6C2H6 Electron Dot Diagrams C H H H H C H H

13. HCN

14. Electron Dot Diagrams HCN

15. C Electron Dot Diagrams N H

16. HCN C. H.... Electron Dot Diagrams

17. HCN C. H N....... Electron Dot Diagrams

18. HCN C. H N......... Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used Electron Dot Diagrams CH N

19. Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: CO 2 Electron Dot Diagrams

20. Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: CO 2 Electron Dot Diagrams OCOOCO

21. Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: CO 2 C. O...... O......... Electron Dot Diagrams Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

22. Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: CO 2 C. O...... O......... Electron Dot Diagrams COO Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

23. Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: N 2 Electron Dot Diagrams

24. Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: N 2 Electron Dot DiagramsN

25. N. N......... Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: N 2 Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

26. N. N......... Electron Dot Diagrams N N Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: N 2 Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

27. Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: P 2 O 3 (sym) Electron Dot Diagrams

28. Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: P 2 O 3 Electron Dot Diagrams OPOPOOPOPO Hint: This molecule is symmetrical…which means an O will be in the center.

29. Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: P 2 O 3 O. P P........ OO................... Electron Dot Diagrams

30. Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: P 2 O 3 O. P P........ OO................... Electron Dot Diagrams POO OP

31. Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: C 4 H 8 (cyclic) Electron Dot Diagrams

32. Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: C 4 H 8 (cyclic). CC C C H H H H H HH H....................... Electron Dot Diagrams

33. Try drawing structural diagrams for the following: C 4 H 8 (cyclic) CC C C H H H H H HH H Electron Dot Diagrams