1. Chapter 3 Section 1 The four major civilizations are up and running

2. Here is what is happening  Technology improving  Religion getting stronger  Laws established to control populations  Transportation improving,people on the move

3. Who wouldn't want a better life?  Reasons to move are many  Resources become scarce  Too many people  Threat of invasion  Do not like politics  A chance to move up the social ladder  Cultural diffusion begins

4. Religion  Begin to spread  Become more complex,organized  India- Hinduism,Buddhism  S.W. Asia-Judaism

5. Economics  Trade increases  India/Arabia easily linked  Phoenicians will dominate

6. Indo-Europeans  Migrate from the steppes of Caucasus Mtns.  Nomads  Herdsmen  Tribal  Tamed horses,used chariots

7. Migrations begin  Was it because of:  Invaders  Disease  Increase in population  Who knows?

8. Hittite Empire  1700-1200B.C. migrations start  Hittites begin empire in 1650B.C.  Dominate S.W. Asia for 450 yrs.  Conquer Babylon

9. Hittite Empire,cont.  Egypt,Hittites fight to control Syria  Standoff-no one wins  Peace treaty  Let’s work together  More cultural diffusion-Hittites blend w/ Babylonians

10. Hittite technology  These guys figure out how to make iron  1500B.C.-first in their area to make iron weapons  They are beasts when it comes to making chariots

11. Technology,cont.  Their knowledge of iron tech. spreads through trade and conquest  More cultural diffusion  1190 B.C.-wave of invaders from no./so.  Empire in decline

12. Aryans  Come to indus valley  1500 B.C.  No writing system  No artifacts  Known through Vedas, “Rig Veda”  This is a religious Hymn book that gives an insight to their culture

13. Caste system  3 social classes  Top-Brahmin(priests)  Rulers/warriors  Peasants  Laborers(non-Aryan) no social status

14. Racism Already?  Aryans are light skinned, taller than most  Of course that MUST make them superior  Indus valley folks are much darker skinned  So naturally, the color of your skin will determine your place in society

15. Caste system evolves  The 4 basic castes turn into 100’s  Caste determines:  The work you do  The person you marry  Who you can hang with  NEVER CHANGES!

16. Aryans move east  1000B.C.  Minor kings struggle for power  One major kingdom emerges  Magadha Empire occupies what is now India

17. Mahabharata  The epic of Aryan/non Aryan struggles  They are moving south, cultures are blending  Violence and confusion about gods/humans is about to change religion on India