1. Moving into the Adult Social World
Chapter 9
Socioemotional Development in
Adolecence

2. Identity and Self-Esteem
WHO ARE YOU?
How do you identify yourself?
Those attitudes, behaviors, and values we see as uniquely ours is our
SELF-CONCEPT

3. Erikson’s Identity v/s Role Confusion
Teenagers who are confused have trouble with intimacy
By being able to develop a healthy self concept, a teenager is able to develop a lasting sense of self!

4. Marcia’s Identity Statuses
Diffusion – Joe hates the idea of what he wants to major in. Currently, he skips several classes to play with his Neopets.
Foreclosure – Joe has always watched Dougie Howiser and later ER. He thought that was a good direction to go and started studying pre-med
Moratorium – Joe finds a love for computers while taking general ed class and finds that there are other things out there.
Achievement – Joe finally found his calling in life with medical transcription and computer programming in a newly developed program at his school.

5. Adolescent Thinking Adolescent egocentrism (interested in self)
Imaginary audience (feel others are watching)
Personal fable (my feelings are unique)
Illusion of invulnerability (misfortune only happens to others)
Decrease in necessity as an adolescent reaches identify achievement……strict parenting often results in an adolescent having trouble achieving identity.

6. Ethnic Identity (learning one’s own culture)
Feeling like you are a part of your ethnic group
Three Phases:
Phase 1: not examining roots
Phase 2: exploring ethnic heritage, learn traditions, question
Phase 3: achieve a distinct ethnic self-concept
Immigrants – face negotiating unfamiliar culture
Those who have reached identity achievement will be better equipped to deal

7. Adolescent Self-esteem
By elementary school years stabilized.
What influences Adolescent Self-Esteem?

8. Self-Esteem Parental influences
School impact (high in preschoolers declines in elementary school, then stabilizes by end of elementary school)
Peers
Discipline
Grades
Anything else?

9. Parent Relationships Parents need to provide adolescents/teens with:
Admiration and love
Encourage embracement of family values
Encourage children to seek them for advice
Ensure that each teen feels loved

10. Romantic Relationships & Sexuality
How old were you when you started dating. What was your first date like?

11. Dating – usually starts with groups, then pairs off, then defined couples
Dating is a sign of independence.

12. Kirby reports that…….
By the end of high school approximately 2/3 of American Adolescents have had intercourse at least once.
As recently as 1960s most students did not have premarital intercourse.
WHY THE CHANGE?

13. About 25% more boys have sex than girls
Different roles for girls and boys.
Girls describe as someone they love
Boys describe as “casual date”
Role expectations
Boys – recreational
Girls – peer disapproval

14. Approximately 1 in 11 American adolescent females become pregnant (50% of those give birth)
Poor contraceptive education
What do you think about extensive sex ed classes in high school?

15. Sexual Orientation Approx. 15% report attraction to own sex.
Role experimentation is COMMON in adolescence!!!!!
Only approx. 5% identify their selves as gay – usually occurs in mid-adolescence.

17. False statements:
Sons become gay when raised by a domineering mother and a weak father.
Girls become lesbians when their father is their primary role model.
Children raised by gay or lesbian parents usually adopt their parents’ sexual orientation.
Gay and lesbian adults were, as children, seduced by an older person of their sex.

18. The World of Work
What do you want to be when you grow up?

19. At 13 or 14: ideas about possible career’s start.
By 18: limit possibilities and focus on specific lines of work.
By 20s: enter workforce and learn first hand.

20. Holland’s Theory (personality types)
Holland’s Theory (personality types) Main point of theory is that a person is happiest in a job that fits their personality type.
Realistic (mechanic, construction)
Investigative (scientist, technical writer)
Social (teacher, counselor, social worker)
Conventional (bank teller, payroll clerk)
Enterprising (executive,producer,real estate)
Artistic (poet, musician, actor)
What are you? Why?

21. What was your first job? How old were you?

22. Part-time work 1 in 5 start in fast food
Girls are more likely to be babysitters, housekeepers, or restaurant workers – usually paid less too!
Boys are usually manual laborers, busboys, or newspaper carriers
Part-time work is harmful:
School performance
Mental health (anxiety and depression) and behavioral problems
Misleading affluence
Positive at right time : skill building jobs can work on increasing self-esteem

23. The Dark Side of Adolescence
Drug Use (alcohol, marijuana, hallucinogens, heroin, cocaine, barbiturates, and amphetamines)
Majority use alcohol
Experimentation
Relaxation
Escape
Feelings of exhilleration
Nearly 2/3 of high school students have had 5+ drinks within the previous 2 weeks

24. Smoking For most of the 1980s: Increased steadily in 1990s
15% of 8th graders
30% of 12th graders
Increased steadily in 1990s

25. Psychological Component
Depression – 3 to 10%
Girls more so than boys
Characterized by – unhappiness, anger, and irritation
Treat with medication and therapy
Improve social skills
Teen Suicide
3 most frequent cause of death in adolescents.
More common in boys than girls

26. Warning Signs of Suicide
Threats of suicide
Preoccupation with death
Change in eating or sleeping habits
Loss of interest in activities that were once important
Marked changes in personality
Persistent feelings of gloom and helplessness
Giving away valuable possessions

27. Delinquency
Status offenses: acts that are not crimes if committed by adults
Drinking
Truancy
Run away from home
Index offenses: crimes regardless of age.
Murder,
Set something on fire

28. Life-course persistent antisocial behavior
Start at early age
Continue throughout life
Adolescent-limited antisocial behaviors
Minor criminal acts
Not consistently antisocial