1. Environmental Science
Chapter 7 – Biodiversity and Conservation

2. Big Question: Why is it important to protect biodiversity?
The Central Case
Saving the Siberian Tiger
Big Question: Why is it important to protect biodiversity?

3. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
Objectives:
1. Differentiate the components of biodiversity
2. Explain 2 ways in which biodiversity varies across groups or geography
3. Describe the economic benefits of biodiversity

4. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
Classifying species
_____________________ are scientists that classify species according _______________ and _______________ _________________.
7 classifications from broadest to most specific: ________________, ______________, _____________, _________________, _____________, ______________, and ___________________.

5. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
_________________ __________________ is used to identify inter-related species. - For example humans binomial nomenclature is: _______________ __________. Kingdom: Phylum: Class: Order:

6. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
Family:
Genus:
Species:

7. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
____________________ is a population of organisms that has genetically based characteristics, such as size or color, that differ from members of the same species in a different area.
can interbreed if they live in the same habitat.

8. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
________________________ describes the variety of life across all levels of ecological organization
3 parts to biodiversity: __________________________, ___________________________, and ___________________________.

9. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
Species diversity
__________________ ___________________ is the number or variety of species in a particular region.
Speciation generates new species in an area, adding to species diversity, while extinction decreases species diverstiy.

10. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
Genetic diversity
_________________ ________________ describes the differences in DNA among individuals within species and populations.
Allows __________________ to local conditions.
Ex:

11. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
Ecosystem diversity
_____________________ ________________ describes the number and variety of ecosystems within a given area.

12. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
How do scientists come up with precise ways to express a region’s biodiversity???
How do we measure biodiversity??
Scientists estimate there exists between 3 million to 100 million different species on Earth.
Best guess estimates range between 5 and 30 million.

13. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
Why is there such a big range? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

14. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
Benefits of biodiversity
Biodiversity and ecosystem services
Ex:
Biodiversity and Ecosystem functions
Resistant ecosystem:
Resilient ecosystem:

15. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
Biodiversity and Agriculture
Ex:
Biodiversity and Medicine

16. Section 1: What is biodiversity?
Biodiversity, Tourism, and Recreation
Ex:

17. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
Objectives:
1. Describe how biodiversity is monitored and explain current biodiversity trends
2. List the major causes of biodiversity loss

18. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
What do you think is the greatest factor influencing biodiversity loss throughout history???
Now, share with a neighbor………

19. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
_____________________ describes the disappearance of a particular population from a given area, but not of the entire species from Earth.
_______________________ - the pace at which species naturally go extinct.

20. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
_________________________ results when extinction occurs at a rate faster than the background rate of extinction.
These have occurred at least _________ times in Earth’s history.
The sixth mass extinction??????

21. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
How do scientists categorize the risk of biodiversity loss?
An ___________________ is one that is at serious risk of extinction.
A ____________________ is one that is likely to become endangered soon.

22. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
ICUN:
ICUN Red List of Threatened Species
WWF:
UNEP:
Living Planet Index:

23. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
Causes of biodiversity loss 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

24. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
Habitat change and loss
________________________ describes the division of a habitat into smaller patches.
This is the greatest cause of biodiversity loss today
_______% of threatened mammals and
_______% of threatened birds

25. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
Invasive Species
These can drive a native species to extinction.
Pollution
______________, _______________, ______________ and ___________________that pollute air and water can poison people and wildlife

26. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
Overharvesting
Occurs when humans ___________, _________, or ___________ a species faster than it can replenish its population.
Examples:
____________: the illegal capture or killing of an organism

27. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
Climate Change
This has more of a global effect rather than a local effect
Ex:

28. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity
Objectives
1. Explain legal actions nations can take to protect biodiversity
2. Explain the goal of Species Survival Plans.
3. Describe three strategies for managing whole ecosystems and habitats.

29. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity
Whose responsibility is it to protect biodiversity?
Should something be done LEGALLY to protect biodiversity?
If so, who then, enforces these laws?

30. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity
The Endangered Species Act (ESA)
Passed in ____________ by the _______.
3 major parts: 1. 2. 3.

31. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity
Benefits and Costs of the ESA
Benefits: 1. 2.
Costs

32. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity
International Cooperation
Supported by the _______________________.
CITES:
The Biodiversity Treaty:

33. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity
Approaches of the ESA
1. Single-Species Approaches
____________________________ - the process of breeding and raising organisms in controlled conditions
Zoos and aquariums
__________________________________
________________

34. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity
Ecosystem and Habitat Approaches
The ESA does NOT specifically protect whole habitats and ecosystems
BUT, conservationists are now moving beyond single species approaches.

35. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity
___________________________ - an area that both supports an especially high number of endangered species AND is rapidly losing biodiversity
A species is __________________ to an area if it is found NOWHERE else in the world
Conservation International

36. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity
Economic Approaches
Debt-for-nature swap:
Conservation concession:
Wildlife Corridors