1. Wordy Sentences Long sentences are not necessarily wordy, nor are short sentences always concise. A sentence is wordy if it can be tightened without loss of meaning.

2. Eliminate Redundancies

3. Writers often repeat themselves unnecessarily, thinking that expressions such as cooperate together, yellow in color, or basic essentials add emphasis to their writing. In reality, such redundancies do just the opposite. There is no need to say the same thing twice.

4. Example 1 “Daniel is now employed at a private rehabilitation center working as a registered physical therapist.” “Daniel works at a private rehabilitation center as a registered physical therapist.”

5. Example 2 “Sylvia very hurriedly scribbled her name, address, and phone number on a greasy napkin.” “Sylvia scribbled her name, address, and phone number on a greasy napkin.”

6. Example 2 “Gabriele Muccino’s film The Pursuit of Happyness tells the story of a single father determined in his mind to pull himself and his son out of homelessness.” “Gabriele Muccino’s film The Pursuit of Happyness tells the story of a single father determined to pull himself and his son out of homelessness.”

7. Avoid unnecessary repetition of words

8. Example 1 “Our fifth patient, in room six, is a mentally ill patient.” “Our fifth patient, in room six, is mentally ill.”

9. Example 2 A study by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (2004) studied the effects of diet and exercise on childhood obesity.” A study by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (2004) measured the effects of diet and exercise on childhood obesity.”

10. Cut empty words or inflated phrases An empty phrase can be cut with little or no loss of meaning. Common examples are introductory word groups that weaken the writer’s authority by apologizing or hedging: In my opinion, I think that, it seems that, one must admit that. These phrases will also be known as “Slow Wind- ups” when applied to the Paramedic Method.

11. Inflated Concise 1. along the lines of 2. as a matter of fact 3. at all times 4. at the present time 5. at this point in time 6. because of the fact that 7. in fact 8. always 9. now, currently 10. now, currently 11. because 12. jbikj 1.like 2.in fact 3.always 4.now, currently 5.now, currently 6.because

12. Inflated Concise 1. by means of 2. by virtue of the fact that 3. due to the fact that 4. for the purpose of 5. for the reason that 6. have the ability to 1.by 2.because 3.because 4.for 5.because 6.be able to, can

13. Inflated Concise 1. in light of the fact that 2. in order to 3. in spite of the fact that 4. in the even that 5. in the final analysis 6. in the nature of 1.because 2.to 3.although, though 4.if 5.finally 6.like

14. Examples “In my opinion, our current immigration policy is misguided.” “Our current immigration policy is misguided.” “We are unable to provide funding, at this point in time.” “We are unable to provide funding now.”

15. Simplify the structure If the structure of a sentence is needlessly indirect, try simplifying it. Look for opportunities to strengthen the verb.

16. Example 1 “The financial analyst claimed that because of a volatile market conditions she could not make an estimate of the company’s future profits.” “The financial analyst claimed that because of a volatile market conditions she could not estimate the company’s future profits.”

17. Example 2 “Investigators were involved in examining the effect of classical music on unborn babies.” “Investigators examined the effect of classical music on unborn babies.”

18. Example 4 “There is another module that tells the story of Charles Darwin and introduces the theory of evolution.” “Another module tells the story of Charles Darwin and introduces the theory of evolution.”

19. Example 5 “It is imperative that all night managers follow strict procedures when locking the safe.” “All night managers must follow strict procedures when locking the safe.”

20. Reduce clause to phrases, phrases to single words

21. Example 1 “We took a side trip to Monticello, which was the home of Thomas Jefferson.” “We took a side trip to Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson.”

22. Example 2 “In the essay, that follows, I argue against Immanuel Kant’s claim that we should not lie under any circumstances, which is a problematic assertion.” “In this essay, I argue against Immanuel Kant’s problematic claim that we should not lie under any circumstances.