1. GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTS GNSS for INnovative road Applications GINA Workshop #2 09/06/2011 Lyon (France)

2. INTRODUCTION GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR. TRIALS AND RESULTS

3. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo 9/06/2011Page 3 GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs INTRODUCTION (I)  GINA: EC funded project through FP7 call 1, coordinated by GSA authorities  GINA: R&D project in the GALILEO applications area building up on the results from previous projects such as ADVANTIS, GIROADS, etc…  GINA key points:  Collaborative Project  2 years length  2.2 M€ (~1.3 M€ funded)  12 partners from 7 EU countries  GINA project main goals: Context and market Analysis RUC application demonstrator at nationwide scale Disemmination efforts contributing to GNSS introduction in the electronic payment for infrastructure use It is intended as another step to bring forward the real use of GNSS systems and EGNOS/GALILEO in the ITS road domain applications. Methods, definitions and results achieved could lead closer to mass market introduction of these applications in the road domain. GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

4. FOTs GINA GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR. TRIALS AND RESULTS

5. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo Page 5 FOTS GINA DESCRIPTION Real Implementation of demonstrator for EFC+VAS application based in GNSS technologies Nationwide scope (The Netherlands) Real users driving in real life situations Performance measured against User real requirements (Dutch ABvM scheme) Several different tests and analyses carried out Technical, operational and market goals analysis in the different features provided by the system GNSS based EFC/RUC applications performance demonstration Value Added services (VAS) provision running in the same platform that main EFC module GNSS performance for RUC+VAS applications validation Added value provided by EGNOS (GALILEO) and complementary technologies such as INS (CANBUS), Integrity provision with respect to GNSS solution GNSS systems evaluation methodology analysis Descripción de los test a realizar y principales características de los mismos FOTsVehiclesLengthDriversVAS Reference System CANBUSAnalysisScenarios End 2 End trials1006 months Real Volunteers (ARVAL) YesNo High Level features Different non controlled scenarios Exhaustive trials24-5 weeks GINA project controlled drives NoYes Exhaustive GNSS features performance Project defined GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon09/06/2011

6. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo Page 6 FOTS DEFINITION KEY POINTS E2E tests are focused in high level peformance for an EFC+VAS application based in GNSS technologies Volunteers drive normally with their OBUs installed and check system performance and charging through a web portal Volunteers feedback used for mass market application viability analysis Raw GNSS and EGNOS enhanced GNSS configuration tested 1. GNSS based OBU2. Nationwide area3.Geobjects definition GNSS challenging routes 1. GNSS based OBU 2. GNSS Reference System 4. Geobjects Definition Exhaustive tests focused in GNSS features performance and user requirements from real tolling scheme. GNSS reference system used for measuring OBU results against well known truth Routes covered defined to present GNSS challenging situations agaisnt known GNSS flaws Geobjects defined present different areas, cordons, segments, etc.. Up to 4 configurations tested :GNSS (G), GNSS+EGNOS (E), GNSS+CANBUS (C), GNSS+CANBUS+EGNOS (A) GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2 9/06/2011

7. FOTs RESULTS GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR. TRIALS AND RESULTS

8. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo 9/06/2011Page 8 GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS RESULTS (I) Relative position accuracy error(global)Relative Computed Distance Error (global) GINA Workshop #2, Lyon Data results show that distance accuracy errors are very low for 50th percentil with values below 0.33% for all the configurations. Configurations making use of odometer (CANBUS) shows the best performance with values below 0.05% for 50th percentil and under 0.23% for 95th percentil. Configurations making use of odometer (CANBUS) show the best result for all the different scenarios tested, without performance degradation in dense urban environments, with no big contribution to position accuracy as expected

9. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo Page 9 EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS RESULTS (II) Defined Alternatie Geobjects present far worse results with regard to Official defined ones Increased number of non-detected Geobjects events Over 50% of the distance traveled not computed in these Geobjects Geobjects definition methodology is a key point for a GNSS based RUC system performance Narrow Geo-objects segments (<0.5km) considered as alternative against other more in line with road topology in the charging areas were evaluated “Official” Geobjects were detected with a 100% success rate 0% geo-objects (official and alternatives) wrongly identified Total missed distance in “official” geobjects below 1.64% Wrong Distance traveled in these geobjects under 0.1% of the real value del geoobject Official GeobjectsAlternative Geobjects VariableDefinition No-detection Wrong Geobject Identification Where GEOOBJECT_X = 0 TRUTH_GEOOBJECT_X = 1 or Where GEOOBJECT_X = 1 TRUTH_GEOOBJECT_X = 0 Key requirement for a RUC system GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon 9/06/2011

10. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo Page 10 EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS RESULTS (III) 2 different methods for distance calculation analysed Distance between 2 consecutive positions for all the geobject and mean value calculation at the end Distance between first position detected in the geobject and first position after leaving it. 2nd method employed shows better results for undercharing Overcharging events 0% for the two methods analyzed Results compliant with user requirements from a real RUC scheme Configuration MethodC: GPS+CANBUS A: GPS+CANBUS+ EGNOS G: GPS E: GPS+ EGNOS Main-0.74% - 0.66 % -0.65% Alterna tive -0.57% - 0.44 % N/A Charging Relative Error for the different geobjects and OBU configurations ABvM requirements compliant!! GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon 9/06/2011

11. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo Page 11 EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS RESULTS (IV) Absolue Position Accuracy Error HPL size values Global data analysis was customized for a set of data in GNSS non challenging scenarios to measure EGNOS system performance (using current Civil Aviation defined MOPS) GNSS+EGNOS configuration performance in this scenario were the best from all the configurations tested with regard to position accuracy. For 95th percentil position accuracy error was <3 meters an <6 meters for the rest. Horizonal Protection levels (HPL) values for the GNSS+EGNOS configuration provided Integrity with values under 15 meters for the 99th percentil (Integrity risk related set to 1x10e-4) Charging Errors in the motorway sections were between -0.07% and -0.15% for all the journeys and between 0.21% and 0.38% for the 95th percentil Relative Charging error GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon 9/06/2011

12. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS RESULTS (V): 9/06/2011Page 12 GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon 1 month trial with Navteq controlled vehicle, following normal work routes during mapping campaing GNSS only and GNSS+EGNOS configurations tested Vehicle equipped with reference system Additional information related to OBU solution performance in more interurban environment with regard to GMV vehicle Geobjects used defined as main road segments and municipalities charging areas due teste routes nature Navteq Vehicle routesNavteq Vehicle Geobjects

13. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo 9/06/2011Page 13 GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS RESULTS (VI): Relative Distance Error EGNOS HPL values RAIM HPL valuesRelative Charging Deviation

14. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo 09/06/2011Page 14 GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs Summary of End-to-End trials End-to-End trials were delayed due to difficulties with producing 100 OBUs for participants 97 OBUs were produced (of those 91 installed) All OBUs were installed in participating vehicles for 6 months –Phased approach Geo-objects 4 Municipalities identified as charging zones – large geo- objects Utrecht Den Haag Rotterdam Nijmegen 17 Corridor segments GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

15. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo Page 15 END2END RESULTS (I): Non controlled environment with individual drivers with different driving areas & behaviours There was no guarantee that participant would enter the defined geo-objects. There would be variability in how each participant travels through a defined geo-object. Reference length of geo-objects could only be obtained from digital maps introducing slight errors Geo-objects could only be of a certain type to allow assessment of distance travelled within (a road segment with only one entry one exit point). Environmental impacts on the quality of GPS / EGNOS signal were unknown GNSS only and GNSS+EGNOS configurations tested, no Odometer (CANBUS) installations performed+ Up to 6 months of data recorded from the users GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon 9/06/2011 MonthValid Journeys Driving Time (hours) Distance Driven (km) Avg Speed (km/h) Avg TTFF (secs) Avg AvailAvg EGNOS Avail June133.2692117.75982 36.02 33.230888.36%51.23% July2954952.033668719.07076 72.18 48.718383.76%80.43% August52271663.9939113324.0048 68.10 49.812383.41%69.45% September65292214.5169134344.3206 60.67 42.280185.46%47.16% October62572223.6397170227.4333 76.55 53.966884.45%79.19% November67242907.4292137636.8342 47.34 48.800383.39%39.23% December63943742.2406131654.9174 35.18 49.673383.34%78.16% Totals3409813707.12756024.34148.81 84.01% 76.54% End2End total figures

16. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo END2END RESULTS (III): 9/06/2011Page 16 GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs Geo- object Charge per KM (€) descriptionweekendStartTimeEndTimetariffName Corridor0.03All DayYes00:00:0023:59:59Weekend Zone0.03All DayYes00:00:0023:59:59Weekend Corridor0.065DayNo09:00:0115:59:59Weekday Zone0.065DayNo09:00:0115:59:59Weekday Corridor0.065MorningNo00:00:0006:59:59Weekday Zone0.065MorningNo00:00:0006:59:59Weekday Corridor0.065NightNo19:00:0123:59:59Weekday Zone0.065NightNo19:00:0123:59:59Weekday Zone0.085Morning RushNo07:00:0009:00:00A Zone0.085Evening RushNo16:00:0019:00:00A Corridor0.105Morning RushNo07:00:0009:00:00B Corridor0.105Evening RushNo16:00:0019:00:00B Tariffs applied Geobject usage per HourCharging accuracy per Geobject Full set of different tariffs defined per corridor, charging area, day of the week and hour of the day Geobject usage during the day and zones show volunteers driving patterns and behaviour Charging accuracy always under the actual distance (no overcharging), except for one of the areas Digital maps use for estimating distance introduced slight errors in charging accuracy and deviation

17. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo 9/06/2011Page 17 GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs END2END RESULTS (II): GINA Workshop #2, Lyon Time To First Fix ResultsCharging Distance Deviation Results Continuity gaps distributionHPL GPS/EGNOS distribution GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

18. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo 09/06/2011Page 18 GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs Main Results – “Soft analysis” Summary of End-to-End trials Main Conclusions from responses to questionnaire Lack of communication regarding benefits of GINA (due to being a pilot) led to an apparent lack of interest in paying for services Limitations of a trial High penetration is needed to have an impact Participant responses seem to reflect the contextual situation in the Netherlands VAS services need to be sufficiently different from similar services currently available for free form the internet Main Conclusions from responses to questionnaire Tendency to be willing to pay to use less congested roads Perceived benefit? User appears to be satisfied with currently available navigation technology Willing to use EGNOS/Galileo if no reduction in quality of service Regular contact with users regarding benefits of a scheme.

19. CONCLUSIONS GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR. TRIALS AND RESULTS

20. X Congreso ITS España, Madrid Company’s logo Page 20 GINA FOTS CONCLUSIONS: GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs ITS Europe, Lyon (France) 9/06/2011 Exhaustive trial results confirmed that GNSS is a reliable tool for different RUC schemes. GINA proposed technology allow distance charging with good performances and a simple, affordable solution. European GNSS (e.g. EGNOS) and other GNSS centered techniques improve performances and reliability Navteq & Motorway Section analysis clearly states EGNOS benefits with regard to accuracy HPL in interurban scenarios End2End trials results showed difficult to analyze due lack of volunteers control and data from privacy issues End2End trials results achieved show similar charging or HPL values with good accuracy, continuity or TTFF figures GINA solution is suitable for: Discrete and distance based RUC Road and Urban With no need of cartography in the majority of cases Simple / cheap OBU Guaranteed performance Thin, Smart and Fat architectures possible Tested on ABvM system (NL) specifications GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

21. Thank You!! Jose Maria Martin Bobis – jmmartin@gmv.com