1. Debugging Cluster Programs using symbolic debuggers

2. Debugging Code Careful review of your code Add debugging code to your code print statements at strategic locations in code remove later Use a symbolic debugger

3. Careful review of your code Rereading your code is often helpful Most parallel code errors are serial errors Compare your code to specs Take a break, review your code with a fresh brain Have someone else help you review your code

4. Common sources of errors Beyond what the compiler catches Usually run-time errors Incorrect use of pointers Point out of memory Reference should have used a pointer Referenced wrong variable Index initialized wrong, wrong exit condition

5. Common parallel errors Deadlock errors Receive before send Receive, but no send Incorrect arguments in MPI calls Mismatch on tags Mismatch of source/destination Misunderstanding of a the use of an argument

6. Add Debugging Code Add strategically placed code in your code to display critical information Watch values of variables as the program progresses Can create data-dump functions – call when you need them Have a way to remove them in production code

7. Add Debugging Code Can be difficult to get the right debugging code in the right place Does not scale well in parallel environment Can produce unmanageable or unintelligible output

8. Symbolic Debuggers Allow you to – inspect your code monitor its behavior modify the data values on the fly – as your code executes

9. gdb – GNU debugger

10. Frequently used GDB commands: break [file:]function - Set a breakpoint at function (in file). run [arglist] - Start your program (with arglist, if specified). bt - Backtrace: display the program stack. print expr - Display the value of an expression. c - Continue running your program (after stopping, e.g. at a breakpoint). next - Execute next program line (after stopping); step over any function calls in the line. step - Execute next program line (after stopping); step into any function calls in the line. help [name] - Show information about GDB command name, or general information about using GDB. quit - Exit from GDB.

11. gdb

15. Running in X-windows Linux (Unix) to Linux ssh to host, login and enter X application Other platforms (Windows, Mac) – Use X- windows server application VNC in most platforms VNC operates as a remote control application in Linux VNC operates as a X-windows server viewer for Windows, Macintosh, Solaris

16. Running in X-windows Using VNC ssh to host and login start vncserver pay attention to display id (:n) from your desktop run VNCViewer select host with correct display id After session kill vncserver – vncserver –kill :n (n is display id number)

17. Using VNC

19. x desktop with VNC

20. ddd – a graphic front end to gdb…

21. pgdbg Debugger from the Portland Group (PGI) Can use with PG compilers Can use with GNU compilers

22. pgdbg – common commands Back to text mode for a bit lis[t] [count | low:high | routine | line,count] -display lines from the source code file or routine att[ach] [ | ] - attach to a running process or start a local executable and attach to it, or start an executable on c[ont] - continue executing from the current location

23. pgdbg – common commands det[ach] – detach from the currently attached process halt – halt the executing process or thread n[ext] [count] – continue executing and stop after count lines of source code nexti [count] – continue executing and stop after count instructions

24. pgdbg – common commands q[uit] – terminate pgdbg and exit ru[n] [arg0 arg1 … argn] – run program from beginning with arguments arg0, arg1… s[tep] [count] – execute next count lines of source code and stop. Step steps into called routines s[tep] up – steps out of current routine stepi [count] – execute next count instructions and stop. Steps into called routines

25. pgdbg – common commands stepi up – steps out of current routine and stops Event command – break line | function - sets a break point to specified line or function. If no line or function specified lists existing breakpoints. A break point stops execution at specified point clear [all | line | func] – clears all breakpoints, or a breakpoint at line line or at function func.

26. pgdbg – common commands stop var - break when the value of var changes at a location watch expr – stops and display the value of expr when it changes track expr – like watch except does not stop execution trace var - displays a trace of source line execution when the value of var changes

27. pgdbg – common commands p[rint] var – displays the value of a variable edit filename – evokes an editor to edit file filename. If no filename given edits current file decl[aration name – displays the type declaration for the object name as[ign] var = expr - assigns the value expr to the variable var proc [number] – sets the current process to process number number

32. Resources gdb man gdb info gdb; Using GDB: A Guide to the GNU Source-  Level Debugger, Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch, July 1991. ddd man ddd VNC http://www.uk.research.att.com/vnc/ http://www.realvnc.com

33. Resources PGI Debugger User’s Guide http://www.pgroup.com/ppro_docs/pgdbg_ug/PGDBG4.htm http://www.pgroup.com/ppro_docs/pgdbg_ug/PGDBG4.htm PGI Users Guide, PGI 4.1 Release Notes, FAQ, Tutorials http://www.pgroup.com/docs.htm MPI-CH http://www.netlib.org/ OpenMP http://www.openmp.org/ HPDF (High Performance Debugging Forum) Standard http://www.ptools.org/hpdf/draft/intro.html