2. Why do people move to cities
Push
Pull
Lack of job
Boredom
Few educational opportunities
-Career Opportunities
-Culture
-Educational Opportunities

3. Urbanization Transformation of a society from a rural to an urban one.
Urban population - Persons living in cities or towns of 2,500 or more residents.
Urbanized area - One or more places and the adjacent densely populated surrounding area that together have a minimum population of 50,000.
Mega-cities - Cities with 10 million residents or more.

4. Urbanization
World’s largest cities in 1900:
World’s largest cities in 2015 (projected)
Tokyo 28.7 million
London 6.4 million
New York 4.2 million
Bombay 27.4 million
Paris 3.3 million
Lagos 24.4 million
Berlin 2.4 million
Shanghai 23.4 million
Chicago 1.7 million
Jakarta 21.2 million
*In % of people in the world live in cities. In 2005, 50% live in cities

5. Urbanization
Urban dominance in the developed world became apparent in the first half of the 20th century.
The second half of this century has seen tremendous growth in the cities of the developing world.
Humanity has become a largely urban species and the trend strengthens with every passing year.

6. Urbanization
Urban growth rates are much faster than population growth rates as a whole.
In developing countries the overall rate is 1.9%, but the urban growth rate for cities is around 3.5%.
The World Resources Institute estimates that for every 1% increase in national population brings a 1.7% growth in urban population.

7. Negative Aspects of Urbanization
Brainstorm
1) Environmental Issues
2)Urban SPRAWL:
Land use for urban purposes
Deforestation, loss of agric and habitat land for housing, shopping, entertainment
Dependency on Cars; commutes to work
3) Urban Waste
- What to do with garbage

8. Suburbanization Suburbs, urban areas surrounding central cities
As city residents left the city to live in the suburbs, cities experienced deconcentration, the redistribution of the population from cities to suburbs and surrounding areas.

9. Metropolitan Growth
A metropolitan area is a densely populated core area together with adjacent communities.
The largest city in each metropolitan area is designated the central city.

10. Metropolitan Growth and Urban Sprawl
The growth of metropolitan areas is often referred to as urban sprawl—the ever increasing outward growth of urban areas.
Urban sprawl results in the loss of green open spaces, the displacement and endangerment of wildlife, traffic congestion and noise, and pollution liabilities.

11. Social Issues Ghettoization
socio-economic classes lumped together in certain areas “Downtown East Side”
Crime, poverty, lack of social services, decrease in property value
Gentrification- socio-economic classes lumped together (wealthy peo. In desirable area with poor moving out)
- Unequal access to services

12. Urbanization
In the developing world city growth places tremendous pressure on urban infrastructure.
Water and air quality are stressed.
Open spaces are encroached upon.
High rates of unemployment, homelessness and crime are an understandable outcome.

13. Decline in Available Cropland

14. Urbanization
Despite the huge problems faced by the inhabitants of slums, shantytowns, barrios and favellas, there is still great optimism.
Cities, with their size and complexity, offer a wide range of opportunities unavailable in rural economies.

15. Positive Impacts of Urbanization
Social Services
Major hospitals, educ/comm centers
Entertainment
Cultural events, sporting events, shopping
Technological advancements (research centers)
Economic advancements
- Stock markets. Corporations, job creation

16. Sustainable Cities

17. Urban planning
Density (residential,commercial,municipal-together)

18. Accessible Cores
Public transit, bike paths, HOV lanes ect

19. traffic-free zones reduce automobile use:
– cycling paths, transit & walkways - diversity should limit separation of business, shops and homes - streets/squares become meeting places to relax

20. Planned Growth
Community gardens, parks, sport facilities

21. City Upgrades low rent housing on the margins of the city
multiple use facilities and high rises - refurbish old buildings -developing vacant space
young professionals replace old rundown areas with refurbished buildings

22. Green infrastructure
Recycling program, waste treatment, sources of energy