1. 13 - Personality

2. What type of personality do you have. Were you born with it
What type of personality do you have? Were you born with it? Based on experiences?

3. How ethical are you? above average. average. just a bit below average.
D. far below average.

4. Compared to others, how hard do you work?
above average.
B. average.
just a bit below average.
D. far below average.

5. Have you ever done something you knew was wrong, but decided it is OK in this situation because…….
A. Yes
B. No

6. Class presentation video: Personality What topics do you need help with?

7. What topics do you need help with?
A. Freud’s Id, Ego, Superego
B. Concept of the unconscious
C. Defense mechanisms
E.g. repression, rationalization, projection, etc.
D. Thematic Apperception Test
E. I understand

8. What topics do you need help with?
A. MMPI test
B. Rorschach test
C. Bandura’s reciprocal determinism
D. Internal and external locus of control
E. I understand

9. What topics do you need help with?
A. Learned helplessness
B. Self-serving bias
C. Maslow’s concept of self actualization
D. Humanistic perspective of Carl Rogers
Client centered therapy
E. I understand

11. El Salvadorans have a saying: “The thief thinks everyone else is a thief.” This most clearly relates to the defense mechanism of:
A. displacement.
B. rationalization.
C. projection.
D. regression.
Answer: C

12. El Salvadorans have a saying: “The thief thinks everyone else is a thief.” This most clearly relates to the defense mechanism of:
A. displacement.
B. rationalization.
C. projection.
D. regression.
Answer: C

13. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
A parent says that his abusive punishment of his child is "for the child's own good," though it is really because the parent cannot control his aggressive impulses. Freud would be most likely to say that this illustrates the defense mechanism called
Sublimation.
Denial.
Rationalization.
Repression.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

14. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
A parent says that his abusive punishment of his child is "for the child's own good," though it is really because the parent cannot control his aggressive impulses. Freud would be most likely to say that this illustrates the defense mechanism called:
Sublimation.
Denial.
Rationalization.
Repression.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

15. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
The division of the mind that is very similar to short term
memory in that it contains all the information a person is
currently using and aware of is called:
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
Conscience
Subconscious
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

16. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
The division of the mind that is very similar to short term
memory in that it contains all the information a person is
currently using and aware of is called:
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
Conscience
Subconscious
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

17. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Based on Freud's view of personality, parents who reward their children for good behavior and punish them for bad behavior help their children to develop the
Defense mechanisms Id
Superego
Ego
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

18. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
LO 13.2
Based on Freud's view of personality, parents who reward their children for good behavior and punish them for bad behavior help their children to develop the
Defense mechanisms Id
Superego
Ego.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

19. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
The personality test that is most concerned with assessing
abnormalities in personality is called:
Keirsey Temperament Sorter
Myers-Briggs Inventory
MMPI
Big Five Personality Inventory
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

20. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
LO 13.9
The personality test that is most concerned with assessing
abnormalities in personality is called:
Keirsey Temperament Sorter
Myers-Briggs Inventory
MMPI
Big Five Personality Inventory
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

21. Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident that few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:
A. reaction formation.
B. projection.
C. displacement.
D. rationalization.
Answer: A

22. Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident that few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:
A. reaction formation.
B. projection.
C. displacement.
D. rationalization.
Answer: A

23. Children who have witnessed a parent’s murder and report memories of the event most clearly challenge Sigmund Freud’s concept of:
A. rationalization.
B. the Oedipus complex.
C. displacement.
D. repression.
Answer: D

24. Children who have witnessed a parent’s murder and report memories of the event most clearly challenge Sigmund Freud’s concept of:
A. rationalization.
B. the Oedipus complex.
C. displacement.
D. repression.
Answer: D

25. Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of:
A. free association.
B. empirically derived tests.
C. reciprocal determinism.
D. a positive self-concept.
Answer: D

26. Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of:
A. free association.
B. empirically derived tests.
C. reciprocal determinism.
D. a positive self-concept.
Answer: D

27. C. learned helplessness. D. an inferiority complex.
After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband, Kayla became increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction best illustrates:
A. a reaction formation.
B. an Electra complex.
C. learned helplessness.
D. an inferiority complex.
Answer: C

28. C. learned helplessness. D. an inferiority complex.
After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband, Kayla became increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction best illustrates:
A. a reaction formation.
B. an Electra complex.
C. learned helplessness.
D. an inferiority complex.
Answer: C

29. Researchers have found that when asked to rate themselves on socially desirable dimensions such as how ethical they are or how hard they work, most people rate themselves as:
A. average.
B. far below average.
C. just a bit below average.
D. above average.
Answer: D

30. Researchers have found that when asked to rate themselves on socially desirable dimensions such as how ethical they are or how hard they work, most people rate themselves as:
A. average.
B. far below average.
C. just a bit below average.
D. above average.
Answer: D

31. In a job interview for a position as an elementary school teacher, you are asked to take a Rorschach test. How would you respond to this request?
A. Take the test; after all, it is a well-known psychological tool.
B. Take the test, because it has been successfully used to predict emotional disorders.
C. Decline to take the test, because it is illegal to administer in this situation.
D. Decline to take the test, because it has questionable reliability and validity and can lead to inaccurate evaluation.
Answer: D

32. In a job interview for a position as an elementary school teacher, you are asked to take a Rorschach test. How would you respond to this request?
A. Take the test; after all, it is a well-known psychological tool.
B. Take the test, because it has been successfully used to predict emotional disorders.
C. Decline to take the test, because it is illegal to administer in this situation.
D. Decline to take the test, because it has questionable reliability and validity and can lead to inaccurate evaluation.
Answer: D

33. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009
What is your opinion?
Personality is largely determined by
experiences you have before you are 5 years old.
genetic influences.
experiences like what you get rewarded for, and what behaviors you copy from others.
our interpretations of things that happen to us.
a combination of B, C, and D.
Survey: What personality theory do you most agree with?
Relevant topics: personality, personality theories
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009

34. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009
What is your opinion?
Personality is largely determined by
experiences you have before you are 5 years old. (Freud)
genetic influences. (Trait model (somewhat))
experiences like what you get rewarded for, and what behaviors you copy from others. (Behaviorism)
our interpretations of things that happen to us. (Cognitive)
a combination of B, C, and D. (Reciprocal Determinism)
Survey: What personality theory do you most agree with?
Relevant topics: personality, personality theories
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009

35. Discussion Question

36. Describe the four major theories of personality (psychodynamic, trait model, humanistic, and social-cognitive) and identify advantages and disadvantages of each theory.

37. Psychodynamic theory Based on Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory
Past is important
Id, ego, superego
Ego defense mechanisms
Part of personality is outside of awareness (unconscious)

38. Psychodynamic theory Advantages Disadvantages
Recognized importance of childhood
Theory has been around a long time
Disadvantages
Too focused on sex & the past
Difficult to access unconscious aspects of personality

39. Humanistic theory Based on Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
Focus is on experience, consciousness, and self-concept
Focused on the whole person and a positive life

40. Humanistic theory Advantages Disadvantages
Attention on positive aspects of personality
Focus on growth
Disadvantages
Too optimistic
Too simplistic
Excessive self-love

41. Trait perspective
Personality consists of broad enduring traits that can be assessed
E.g. Shy, sociable, competitive
Advantages
Can identify and assess personality traits
Can use questionnaires as a more reliable method of assessing personality
Disadvantages
Focus on broad dimensions instead of individual uniqueness
Tendency for biased self-reporting

42. Social Cognitive theory
Bandura’s theory
Behavior, environment, and cognitive factors influence personality
Self-efficacy is important
The situation can alter a person’s personality

43. Social Cognitive theory
Advantages
Focus on cognitive process and self control
Disadvantages
Does not account for individual differences
Does not account for biological factors