1. 19.2: American Power Tips the Balance
OBEJCTIVE: Understand the US’s
contribution to Allied victory

2. Franz Ferdinand
Assassinated
April, 6, 1917
US declares war
on Germany

3. The election of 1916 was a (landslide, close-shave, terrible loss) for Wilson.
One of the reasons that the US finally went to war with Germany was the ______________ ______, that encouraged Mexico to wage war the US.
Germany’s decision in January 1917 to wage unlimited submarine warfare violated the ____________ pledge.
WWI was triggered by the assassination of _____________.
The Four causes of WWI were:

4. US Goes to War: CONTEXT
Jan. 31, 1917: Germany declares unlimited submarine warfare – Sussex Pledge void.
US arms merchant marine
Mar. 1, 1917: Zimmerman note discovered
April 6, 1917: US declares war
Jan. 8, 1918: Wilson’s Fourteen Points Address
WILSON’s IDEAL: “war to end war” and “to make the world safe for democracy,” makes an appeal for a new world order of collective security. It would have to be a “peace without victory…a peace among equals.”

5. SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT PROBLEM: Only 200,000 men in uniform
SOLUTION: DRAFT OR CONSCRIPT
HOW? Selective Service Act of 1917
3 million men drafted
2 million serve
¾ see combat
ONLY 9 MONTHS OF TRAINING!!!

6. "Hell Fighters" From Harlem - the 369th Infantry Division
 Meuse-Argonne, September 26-October 1, On 29 September, the Regiment ". . . stormed powerful enemy positions, took, after heavy fighting, the town of Sechault; captured prisoners and brought back six cannons and a great number of machine guns." Despite heavy casualties, the 369th, called "Hell Fighters" by the French and Germans, relentlessly continued the attack at dawn. Raked by enemy machine guns, they assaulted into the woods northeast of Sechault, flanking and overwhelming enemy machine gun positions. The "Le's Go!" elan and indomitable fighting spirit of the 369th Infantry was illustrated throughout the battle action. Their initiative, leadership and gallantry won for their entire Regiment the French Croix de Guerre.

7. AMERICA GETS TO THE FIGHT
PROBLEM: How to get the troops to Europe
SOLUTION:
Expand shipbuilding
Use the convoy system against subs
Mine the North Sea
OUTCOME:
1. Only 100 soldiers lost to u-boats
2. Convoys cut Allied losses in half!

8. http://go. hrw. com/ndNSAPI. nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults

10. AMERICA GETS IN THE FIGHT
Gen. John J. (Blackjack) Pershing in command of the AEF (American Expeditionary Force)
“doughboys”
Pershing resists using AEF as replacements
Pershing wants to fight aggressive war
Does not want to fight “trench warfare”

11. http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/war/wwone/launch_ani_western_front

13. Fighting…”Over there…”
1917 Russian Revolution w/d from fight in 1918
Germany focuses on EASTERN FRONT
Spring 1918: Germans w/in 40 miles of Paris
30,000 US troops turn tide at Chateau-Thierry
Pershing directs US forces in Meuse-Argonne offensive
Argonne Forest: 120,000 KIA/casualties
US “tactics” lead to high casualties

14. THE TIDE TURNS
AEF arrives just in time to stop German advance on Paris (after defeating Russia)
AEF CASUALTIES:
48,000 killed
62,000 die of disease
200,000 wounded

15. TRENCH WARFARE
noviomagus.tripod.com

17. MACHINE GUN

18. THE TANK http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/wfront2_02.shtml

19. ARTILLERY

20. 14 inch US naval guns, mounted on railcar to silence “Big Bertha”

21. GAS TYPES: Germans first use gas at Ypres in 1915 Allies retaliate
Delivered by artillery
TYPES:
Chlorine Gas
Mustard Gas

22. WAR IN THE AIR: Zeppelins & Biplanes

23. LEADERS AND HEREOS Alvin York Eddie Rickenbacker
US’s WWI Ace: shot down 26 planes
York and 17 other men captured 132 German prisoners on October 8, 1918
“Red Baron”
von Richthofen
German Ace:
Shot down
80 planes

24. Company K
Company K
A U.S. soldier of Company K, 110th Infantry Regiment, receives aid during fighting at Verennes, France. (National Archives)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

26. "The Prisoners and the Wounded," October, 1918 by Harvey Dunn
Harvey Dunn's 1918 painting (detail) of weary soldiers in the First World War captures the misery of frontline battle. (Smithsonian Institute, Division of Political History, Washington, D.C.)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

27. MEDICAL CARE
Dirt, mud, filth
Lice, rats, dirty water
Poison gas
Decaying bodies
“shell shock”
Trench foot
Great Flu Pandemic of 1918
(20-40 million dead world-wide)

28. THE COLLAPSE OF GERMANY
Nov. 3, 1918: German sailors mutiny
Nov : Berlin rebels
The Kaiser flees to the Netherlands
CEASEFIRE: 11th hour, 11th day, 11th month
FINAL TOLL:
4 years of fighting, involving 30 nations
26 million dead ( half are civilians)
20 million wounded
10 million refugees
COST= $350,000,000,000