2. Think and Share with your group: What was the role of women during these time periods? 1.Colonial period 2.1776 - Beginning of the Civil War 3.During the Civil War (1861 - 1865) 4.1865 - 1900 (Industrial Age) 5.**Bonus - What was expected public behaviors of women?**

3. Women’s Movement Women’s Education Temperance Movement Suffrage

4. Changing Role of Women Middle class women in cities do not need large families and instead go to colleges 1910 - 40% of students in college were women (60% in 2009) Professionals - Graduates begin to enter jobs requiring specific training - nursing, teaching

6. The “New Woman” “New Woman” - a female who pursued interests outside of the home Jane Addams - starts Hull House in Chicago College educated women seek to help Progressive causes as public speakers, writers, and political reformers

7. Women in the Workforce 1890 - 4 million 1910 - 7.5 million (US population in 1910 was 92 million)

9. Women’s Clubs Middle and Upper class women form clubs around a shared interest - music, painting, etc. Some of these clubs developed into reform movements - temperance, suffrage, aid for immigrants, child labor, etc.

11. Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Started by women in Fredonia, NY In the summer of 1874, women met at Chautauqua and decided to meet in Cleveland, OH to form the group “Protection of the Home” was the first motto

13. Temperance Movement Alcohol led to mental and physical abuse at home by men Many women’s clubs focused on elimination of alcohol, including the WCTU Carrie Nation - destroys bars and taverns with an axe Eighteenth Amendment (1919) - Bans alcohol in the United States. Ultimately, this will fail (stay tuned as to why)

16. National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Created in 1890, this group sought women’s suffrage Suffrage - the right to vote NAWSA had 2 million members by 1917 Sought protection for women workers Gave speeches on street corners and met with government officials (lobbying)

21. Opposition to Suffrage Fear of broken homes/divorce as women and men argue Fear of who would take care of kids Male government officials fear losing jobs Both some men and women felt this way

25. National Women’s Party Started by Alice Paul, a Quaker Lead protests and some were arrested at White House, including Jamestown’s Edith Ainge Some women go on hunger strikes and others are sent to prison

27. Local Women Get Involved Many join “Political Equality Clubs” Jamestown club started in 1887, 14 others in the county by 1889 Woman’s Day at Lillydale, 8/15/1891 Edith Ainge is most vocal

28. Edith Ainge From Jamestown, NY More vocal than others and well educated First arrested on November 16, 1917 Arrested again in August, 1918 Involved in “Watch Fire” demonstration at White House

30. Women’s Suffrage (Right to vote) Led by college grads and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt Opposed by people in control of government Nineteenth Amendment (1920) - gave women the right to vote

31. 1) Explain the role of women prior to the Civil War

32. 2) Name two issues dealt with by the women’s movement.

33. 3) What did the Nineteenth Amendment, passed in 1920 and still in effect today, do?

34. 4) Name (or give the initials to) one major organization from the women’s movement

35. 5) Name the Jamestown resident who was arrested twice in her efforts for the women’s movement?

36. Bonus: Name the Quaker woman who founded a radical organization in the U.S. to push for women’s rights.