1. Handout
(1) What were the reforms mentioned in response to the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire?
(2) How did workers’ compensation begin in the United States? How were employers convinced to support these changes?
(3) What was the main source of resistance to Child Labor Laws? What was finally accomplished after the Progressive Era regarding child labor laws?

2. SLO
(1) Students will be able to identify various reforms of Progressive Era, including prohibition, child labor laws, workers’ compensation, workers’ safety, and the income tax.
(2) Students will identify and analyze the Progressive Era reforms, identifying the most important reform to American society.

3. Important things to understand about the Progressive Era in U. S
Important things to understand about the Progressive Era in U.S. History:
Describe the conditions of cities and in the country and why the Progressive reformers wanted change.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire – what reforms did this motivate?
What were reforms in child labor and workers’ compensation during this era?
16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments (pages 70 & 71)
(Prohibition, women’s suffrage, direct election of Senators, and income tax)
Terms: Muckrakers, referendum, recall, direct primary, and initiative
Coal Strike of 1902
Northern Securities vs. the United States
How did Theodore Roosevelt change the presidency?
Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug Acts
Western land reserves and conservation
Children’s Bureau
Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission, and Clayton Antitrust Act

4. PROGRESSIVE ERA 1900-1920 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Who were the Progressives?
What reforms did they seek?
What motivated these reformers?

5. Progressivism WHEN? “Progressive Reform Era” WHO? “Progressives”
1901
1917
1920s
WHO? “Progressives”
urban middle-class: managers & professionals; women
WHY? Address the problems arising from:
industrialization (big business, labor strife)
urbanization (slums, political machines, corruption)
immigration (ethnic diversity)
inequality & social injustice (women & racism)

6. Progressivism HOW? WHAT are their goals?
Democracy – government accountable to the people
Regulation of corporations & monopolies
Social justice – workers, poor, minorities
Environmental protection
HOW?
Government (laws, regulations, programs)
Efficiency
value experts, use of scientific study to determine the best solution
wikipedia

7. Origins of Progressivism
“Muckrakers”
Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives (1890)
Ida Tarbell – “The History of the Standard Oil Co.” (1902)
Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities (1904)
Wadsworth.com;
Ida Tarbell
Lincoln Steffens

8. MUNICIPAL & STATE REFORMS

9. MUNICIPAL REFORM municipal reform
utilities - water, gas, electricity, trolleys
Shoe line - Bowery men with gifts from ward boss Tim Sullivan, February, 1910
Shoe line--Bowery men with gift from Tim Sullivan, February, 1910
"Big Tim" Sullivan, a New York City ward boss, rewarded "repeat voters" with a new pair of shoes. Sullivan once explained, "When you've voted ‘em with their whiskers on, you take ‘em to a barber and scrape off the chin fringe. Then you vote ‘em again…Then to a barber again, off comes the sides and you vote ‘em a third time with the mustache…[Then] clean off the mustache and vote ‘em plain face. That makes every one of ‘em for four votes." (Library of Congress) Pageant 13e Reader’s Companion

10. STATE POLITICAL REFORM
secret ballots
direct primary
Robert M. LaFollette
Seventeenth Amendment (1913) – direct election of Senators
initiative
referendum
recall
Wadsworth.com
Robert M. LaFollette, Wisconsin Governor

11. STATE SOCIAL REFORMS Settlement Houses professional social workers
settlement houses - education, culture, day care
child labor laws
Enable education & advancement for working class children
Settlement Houses
Settlement Houses
Hull-House – Jane Addams

12. STATE SOCIAL REFORMS workplace & labor reforms eight-hour work day
improved safety & health conditions in factories
workers compensation laws
minimum wage laws
unionization
child labor laws
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1913

13. State Social Reform: Child Labor
“Breaker Boys” Pennsylvania, 1911
Child Laborers in Indiana Glass Works, Midnight, Indiana. 1908
(1) Description: Child Laborers in Indiana Glass Works, Midnight, Indiana Photographer, Lewis W. Hine; Credit: Nartional Archives and Records Administration;
(2) Description: Child Laborer, Newberry, S.C The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in." She was working steadily . photographer, Lewis W. Hine;Credit: Nartional Archives and Records Administration;
(3) The coal mines of Pennsylvania employed more than ten thousand boys under the age of 16. Known as "breaker boys," they sorted coal. Such work was dangerous and sometimes fatal, as attested by this 1911 headline. (Library of Congress); Pageant 13e History Companion
(4) Lewis W. Hine. Shrimp pickers in Peerless Oyster Co. Bay St. Louis, Miss., March 3, 1911.;"On other side of shed still younger children were working. Out of sixty working,... I counted 15 apparently under 12 years of age. Some 3, 4, and 5 years old were picking too.... Boss said they went to work at 3 A.M. and would quit about 3 or 4 P.M." ; PBS American Photography
Shrimp pickers in Peerless Oyster Co. Bay St. Louis, Miss., March 3, 1911
Child Laborer, Newberry, S.C. 1908

14. Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Anti-Saloon League
Temperance Crusade
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Anti-Saloon League
Frances Willard ( ), leader of the WCTU
Anti-Saloon League Campaign, Dayton

15. TEMPERANCE & PROHIBITION
Eighteenth Amendment – National Prohibition (1919)
Henretta, America’s History 4e from
Prohibition on the Eve of the 18th Amendment, 1919

16. Work in Groups of Three
Analysis: What was the most important change during the Progressive Era?
Child Labor Laws and Children’s Bureau
Workers’ Compensation
Female Suffrage (right to vote)
Consumer Protection (Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug Acts)
Western land reserves and conservation
16th Amendment (income tax)
Federal Reserve Act
Clayton Antitrust Act
Federal Trade Commission Act
More Presidential Power