1. Creating the University of the Highlands and Islands Department of Diabetes & Cardiovascular Science HI STOP Highland Schools Diabetes Prevention Programme Sandra MacRury Dept of Diabetes & Cardiovascular Science UHI Millennium Institute Inverness

2. “ Diabetes is the greatest health challenge facing the UK today ” Diabetes UK 2007

3. Diabetes epidemic

4. Pancreas Brain Liver Stomach Intestines Pancreas INSULIN ISLET  Cell

5. Types of Diabetes Type 115% Type 285% World Health Organisation 2005

6. Type 1 Diabetes Destruction of insulin producing cells (  cells in pancreas) Children, young people up to 35-40 years Late onset Type 1 > 40 years 10-15% occurs in families Treated with insulin

7. What is diabetes The body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces Middle aged or older 40+ years Young onset type 2 < 35 years 40% occurs in families Treated with diet, tablets and sometimes insulin World Health Organisation 2006

8. Type 2 diabetes Weight Weight Family history Family history Age Age Ethnicity Ethnicity

9. Type 2 diabetes Weight Weight Waist Waist circumference circumference Family history Family history Age Age Ethnicity Ethnicity +

10. What Diabetes Epidemic?

11. BMI

12. T2DM and weight Body Mass Index BMI Weight/height Kg/m 2

13. Vascular problems in diabetes LIFE EXPECTANCY SHORTENED 7-8 YEARS IN T2DM

15. Progression of Type 2 diabetes Adapted from Bailey. Br J Cardiol 2000; 7: 350–360 DeFronzo & Ferrannini. Diabetes Care 1991; 14: 173–194 Insulin resistance Blood glucose Insulin production NormalPre diabetesType 2 diabetes Diagnosis

16. What can we do?

17. Watch what you eat

18. Get active!