1. Lying: A Brief Introduction to Ethical Considerations Chris MacDonald, Ph.D. (chrismac@ethicsweb.ca) This presentation was found at: www.businessethics.ca Feel free to use this presentation. I maintain no copyright. Credit, however, would be appreciated.

2. What is a lie? –a statement –speaker knows its false –speaker intends audience to believe

3. Whats wrong with lying? –violates autonomy, right to self-direction (deception gives power to the deceiver) –generates mistrust, so reduces usefulness of communication –a lie can also be a way to do something else unethical –Further harm: to the liar (loss of reputation, loss of self-respect, more lies likely – they begin to seem necessary & easy)

4. Lying is generally considered wrong, until shown to be justified. –The burden of proof is on the person doing the lying. –Other things being equal, its wrong/unethical to lie.

5. Justifying Lies / Giving Excuses –Its not really lying. –Its for the greater good. (individual or group) –Everyone does it. Its part of the game. (business, taxes) –It was just something convenient to say. –I have to in order to get what Im owed.

6. Deception Acceptable(?) Deception: –bluffing in poker? –bargaining/haggling over prices? –What a lovely gift! Nice sweater! I love your new haircut! –Santa Claus? –advertising? –job applications? –taxes?

7. Grey Areas What if the claim is vague? What if the speaker only sort of intends to deceive? Is that really a lie? –We can evaluate the action without deciding if its a lie.

8. Questions to Consider: –Does telling a lie automatically make someome a liar? Or does that require a pattern? –Does telling a lie remove all credibility?