1. Chapter 3 Suffixes Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Learning Objectives  Define new suffixes and review those presented in previous chapters.  Gain practice in word analysis by using these suffixes with combining forms to build and understand terms.  Identify the functions of the different types of blood cells in the body.

3. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SUFFIXES– Page 74 - 75 NOUN SUFFIXES -algiapain ( -algiapain (Analgesic: pain med) -celehernia -centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid -coccus berry-shaped bacterium -cytecell SuffixMeaning

4. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Terminology – page 74 -75  Arthralgia – pain in a joint  Cystocele – hernia of the urinary bladder  Amniocentesis – surgical puncture of the amnion  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZcGpjyOXt0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZcGpjyOXt0  Thoracentesis- removal of fluid in pleural space http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1XR4AOi8q0  Staphylococci – berry shaped bacteria in clusters  Erythrocyte – red blood cell

5. Cystocele Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

6. causalgia severe burning pain in a limb caused by injury to a peripheral nerve cephalalgiaheadache erythromelalgia a disease caused by dilation of the peripheral blood vessels, associated with burning, redness of the skin, and pain gastralgiapain in the stomach mastalgia pain in the breast caused by congestion during lactation, or other causes myalgiapain in a muscle or group of muscles neuralgia intense, typically intermittent pain along the course of a nerve, especially in the head or face ostalgia a pain associated with some abnormal condition in a bone otalgiaearache prosopalgia stabbing pain in the face, also called trigeminal neuralgia rachialgiapain in or due to the spine Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

9.  Analgesic (an means without), medications that are used to alleviate pain are termed analgesics Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

13. NOUN SUFFIXES -dyniapain -ectomyexcision, removal -emiablood condition -genesis condition of producing, forming -gramrecord SuffixMeaning SUFFIXES – page 75

14. Terminology – page 75  Pleurodynia – pain chest wall muscles aggravated by breathing.  Laryngectomy – removal of the larynx  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5qYFacfwUY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5qYFacfwUY  Ischemia – holding back of blood from an area of the body (Reduced blood flow)  http://ebsco.smartimagebase.com/view- item?ItemID=72619 http://ebsco.smartimagebase.com/view- item?ItemID=72619 http://ebsco.smartimagebase.com/view- item?ItemID=72619  Carcinogenesis – condition of producing cancer  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9B_4WIu7KQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9B_4WIu7KQ  Electroencephalogram – Record of electricity in the brain Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

16. NOUN SUFFIXES -graphinstrument for recording -graphyprocess of recording -itisinflammation -logy study of -lysisbreakdown, destruction, separation SuffixMeaning SUFFIXES – page 75

17. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Terminology – page 75  Angiography – process of recording (x-ray image) of blood vessels  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EJLQ7fkzcc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EJLQ7fkzcc  Bronchitis – inflammation of the bronchi  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u775bGjJazM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u775bGjJazM  Opthalmology – study of the eye  Hemolysis – destruction of blood (red blood cells)  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zv2c7dEQ5iU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zv2c7dEQ5iU

18. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

19. NOUN SUFFIXES -malaciasoftening -megalyenlargement -omatumor, mass, collection of fluid -opsyto view (under a microscope) -osiscondition, usually abnormal SuffixMeaning SUFFIXES – page 76

20. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Terminology – page 76  Osteomalacia – softening of the bones  Splenomegaly – enlargement of the spleen  Hematoma – collection of blood (Bruise)  Biopsy – to view life (tissue)  Necrosis – Death of cells

21. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

23. NOUN SUFFIXES -pathydisease condition -peniadeficiency -phobiafear -plasia development, formation, growth -plastysurgical repair SuffixMeaning SUFFIXES- page 76-77

24. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Terminology page 76 -77  Cardiomyopathy – disease of the heart muscle  Erythropenia – decreased red blood cells  Also reffered to as anemia (less literal meaning)  Acrophobia – fear of heights  Achondroplasia  Angioplasty -

25. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

28. QUICK QUIZ: QUICK QUIZ: 1. Which term means fear of marketplace? A. Acromegaly B. Hydrophobia C. Acrophobia D. Agoraphobia

29. Acromegaly Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

30. NOUN SUFFIXES -ptosisdrooping, sagging, prolapse -sclerosishardening http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHE1ig4k64M -scope instrument for visual examination -scopy process of visual examination -stasisstopping, controlling SuffixMeaning SUFFIXES – page 77

31. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

33. NOUN SUFFIXES -stomy opening to form a mouth (stoma) -therapytreatment -tomyincision, cutting into -trophydevelopment, nourishment SuffixMeaning SUFFIXES – page 77-78

34. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

35. SHORTER NOUN SUFFIXES -erone who -iacondition -istspecialist -olelittle, small -ulelittle, small -um, iumstructure, tissue -usstructure, substance -ycondition, process SuffixMeaning SUFFIXES AND TERMINOLOGY

36. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES -ac, iacpertaining to -alpertaining to -ar, arypertaining to -ealpertaining to -genic pertaining to producing, produced by or in SuffixMeaning SUFFIXES AND TERMINOLOGY

37. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES -ic, icalpertaining to -oidresembling -ose pertaining to, full of -ous pertaining to -ticpertaining to SuffixMeaning SUFFIXES AND TERMINOLOGY

38. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Build Terms with Suffixes and Combining Forms  Combining Forms + Suffix Suffixarthr/itisblephar/o/ptosisisch/emiaoste/o/genicstaphyl/o/cocci  Meaning Inflammation of joint drooping eyelid loss of normal blood flow produced by bone tissue berry-shaped bacteria that grow in clusters

39. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Blood Cell Types ErythrocytesLeukocytes Thrombocytes

40. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Blood Cell Types 1. Erythrocytes  Red Blood Cells  Made in bone marrow  Carry oxygen from lungs to all body cells  Hemoglobin: blood protein

41. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  What is the purpose of hemoglobin?

42. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Blood Cell Types (cont’d.) 2. Leukocytes  White blood cells  Five different kinds of leukocytes, divided into two categories  Granulocytes  Mononuclear leukocytes

43. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Leukocytes  An easy way to remember the names of the five leukocytes is: Never (neutrophil) Let (lymphocyte) Monkeys (monocyte) Eat (eosinophil) Bananas (basophil).

44. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Blood Cell Types (cont’d.) Granulocytes – three types  Eosinophils – Increase in allergies  Basophils – Play role in inflammation  Neutrophils – Important disease-fighting cells

45. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Blood Cell Types (cont’d.) Mononuclear Leukocytes – two types  Lymphocytes – fight disease producing antibodies that destroy foreign bodies  Monocytes – Engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophis have attacked foreign cells.

46. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Blood Cell Types (cont’d.) 3. Thrombocytes  Also known as platelets  Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed in the marrow  Necessary for blood clotting

47. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS

48. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS

49. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. QUICK QUIZ: QUICK QUIZ: 2. Which type of blood cells are necessary for clotting? A. Erythrocytes B. Granulocytes C. Monocytes D. Thrombocytes

50. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Review: HERNIA page 82 Protrusion of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it

51. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. QUICK QUIZ: QUICK QUIZ: 3. A rectocele is… A.A herniation of the intestines B.Protrusion of a portion of the rectum towards the vaginal wall C.A hiatal hernia D.An omphalocele

52. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Hernia: Protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening in the muscle wall of the cavity that surrounds it. Rectocele

53. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. REVIEW: AMNIOCENTESIS  Withdrawal of the fluid that surrounds the embryo for culture and karyotyping

54. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. REVIEW: Streptococcus and Staphylococcus : Bacteria that grow in chains or clusters

55. Review  What is the difference between streptococcus and staphylococcus?  What is an abscess?  What are the different types of hernias?  When is an amniocentesis usually performed? Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

57. Review: (cont’d.)  Anemia: Reduction in the number of erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8-jx1dtg0U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8-jx1dtg0U  Ischemia: Loss of normal blood flow to a part of the body  Tonsillitis: Infected and inflamed tonsils (lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat)

58. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. What is this? What is this?

59. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Ischemia

60. QUICK QUIZ: QUICK QUIZ: 4. Which term means inflammation of tonsils? (watch spelling!) A. Tonsilitis B. Tonsillitis C. Tonsillectomy D. Tonsilectomy

61. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. REVIEW: (cont’d.)  Acromegaly: An endocrine disorder marked by excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty  Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen  Leukocytosis: An elevation in the numbers of normal white blood cells in response to an infection

62. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. REVIEW: (cont’d.)  Achondroplasia: A type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, a normal-sized head and body, and normal intelligence  Blepharoptosis: Drooping eyelids  Laparoscopy: Visual examination of the abdomen using a laparoscope

63. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. What is this?

64. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Laparoscope (page 87)

65. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. REVIEW (cont’d.)  Arteriole: Small arteries (arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs)  Adenoids: Lymphatic tissue in the pharynx near the nose and nasal passages

66. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. What is this?

67. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Pericardium  peri-  cardi/o  -ium  Structure surrounding the heart

68. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. What is this?

69. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Blepharoptosis  blephar/o: eyelid  -ptosis: drooping, sagging, prolapse  silent p  Sagging of an eyelid  Caused by paralysis  Or when eyelid muscles weaken

70. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. What is this?

71. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Necrosis  necr/o  -osis  Abnormal condition of death (of cells)  Occurs in response to disease or injury

72. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. What procedure is being performed here?

73. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Electroencephalography  electr/o  encephal/o  -graphy: process of recording  Process of recording the electricity in the brain  What equipment is used?  What is produced?

74. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Electroencephalograph  electr/o  encephal/o  -graph: instrument for recording  Instrument for recording the electricity in the brain

75. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Electroencephalogram  electr/o  encephal/o  -gram  Record of the electricity in the brain  Variations in brain-wave activity correlate with neurologic conditions, psychologic states, and level of consciousness

76. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. What procedure is being performed here?

77. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Thoracentesis  thorac/o  -centesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid  Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest  thoracocentesis

78. Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. QUICK QUIZ: QUICK QUIZ: 5. Which is the smallest of blood vessels? A. Arteries B. Venules C. Capillaries D. Arterioles