1. 1 Knowledge Acquisition How to Study Effectively

2. 2 Rehearsal Strategies Rehearsal strategies are used for memorizing when we are interested primarily in putting information into short-term memory Rehearsal strategies are used for memorizing when we are interested primarily in putting information into short-term memory –(for example, the night before the exam).

3. 3 Rehearsal Strategies Rehearsal: the process of repeating information over and over again, without altering its form. Rehearsal: the process of repeating information over and over again, without altering its form. Examples: Examples: –flashcards –repeating key terms or items aloud –re-reading –repetitive writing

4. 4 Example of a Rehearsal Strategy Repetitive writing Repetitive writing –Rewriting the instructional material over and over again verbatim until the material is learned.

5. 5 Aviation Example Airport Identifiers Airport Identifiers IFR/VFR Cruise Altitudes IFR/VFR Cruise Altitudes Holding Pattern Entry Holding Pattern Entry Emergency Procedures Emergency Procedures Checklist Items Checklist Items

6. 6 Mnemonic Memory "tricks"; Memory "tricks"; An acronym formed by using the first letters of each word of the new information to form a new, memorable word. An acronym formed by using the first letters of each word of the new information to form a new, memorable word.

7. 7 Mnemonics Some examples of mnemonics include: Some examples of mnemonics include: –First-letter method: For example, remembering the order of operations in algebra by memorizing the first letter of each operation and making a sentence out of it. ("Please excuse my dear Aunt Sally.") –Rhymes and tunes: Refers to rhyming or creating a tune or song to help remember something. (the ABC song). –Story method: Constructing a sentence, paragraph or story about the items to be remembered.

8. 8 Using a Mnemonic Strategy Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto

9. 9 An Example Looking at your notes determine what you will need to remember just for this exam. Looking at your notes determine what you will need to remember just for this exam. Now create a rehearsal strategy for remembering that information. Now create a rehearsal strategy for remembering that information.

10. 10 Aviation Example ICE-T: Indicated (airspeed) to Calibrated to Equivilent to True True Vegans Make Dull Company: True (heading) + or - Variation = Magnetic + or - Deviation = Compass

11. 11 Organization Strategies Organization: the process of grouping related items of content into categories or patterns that illustrate relationships. Organization: the process of grouping related items of content into categories or patterns that illustrate relationships. Examples: Examples: –diagramming, mapping –categorizing and classifying –flowcharting –outlining –hierarchies, and matrices

12. 12 An Example of an Organizational Strategy Matrix Matrix –It is a type of chart consisting of rows and columns of information. –The column headings usually indicate the main ideas or topics of the instructional material. –The rows consist of the properties, or characteristics of those ideas or topics

13. 13 Aviation Example Emergency Procedures: Emergency Procedures: –Take Off –Enroute –Landing –Maneuvering Instrument Approach Charts: Grouping of relevant data in diagram form Instrument Approach Charts: Grouping of relevant data in diagram form

14. 14 Example of an Organizational Strategy Hierarchy Hierarchy –Items are arranged logically in levels from a top level down to a bottom level. –The main idea or top level item is placed at the top. Subordinate items are placed below. –Typically shaped like pyramids or inverted trees.

15. 15 Aviation Example Organizational Chart of Mesa Air Group Organizational Chart of Mesa Air Group Decision Tree Decision Tree Political Environment of an Agency (factors that influence) Political Environment of an Agency (factors that influence)

16. 16 Elaboration Strategies Elaboration: the process of using what is already known to expand on new information. Elaboration: the process of using what is already known to expand on new information. Examples: Examples: –summarizing in one's own words, paraphrasing –asking and answering questions about the material –teaching it to someone else –comparing and contrasting

17. 17 Aviation Example Your Instructor asks you to explain a procedure to the class Your Instructor asks you to explain a procedure to the class You summarize the functions of the FAA to the Dept. of Motor Vehicles You summarize the functions of the FAA to the Dept. of Motor Vehicles You explain what an ILS is to your father using non technical terms You explain what an ILS is to your father using non technical terms