1. Elizabethan England to Civil War

2. Henry VIII (1509-1547) Tudor King Catholic turned Protestant Catholic
Wife: Catherine of Aragon
Daughter: Mary I (Bloody)
Protestant
Wife: Anne Boleyn
Daughter: Elizabeth I
Wife Jane Seymour
Son: Edward VI
3 More wives followed
All 3 children served on the throne of England

3. King Edward IV (1547-1553) Son of Henry VIII from Jane Seymour
Protestant
First Heir to throne after Henry VIII

4. Queen Mary I - Bloody Mary (1553-1558)
Restored Catholicism
Married Philip II, Son of Charles V of Spain
Persecuted Protestants

5. Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) The “Virgin Queen” never marries
But “marries England”
Protestant - Anglican
Defeats Catholic Philip II
and the Spanish Armada
Passes
Act of Uniformity
Act of Supremacy
Executes her cousin,
Mary Queen of Scots
(Catholic)
Needs $, Joint-stock co.

6. Mary Queen of Scots ( )
Fought against John Knox (Presbyterian)
Roman Catholic
Conspired against Elizabeth, though she was Elizabeth’s cousin
Executed by Elizabeth
The Reformation in England

8. James VI Becomes James I (1603-1625)
Son of Mary Stuart, only relative to Elizabeth able to be heir
Believed in “Divine Right of Kings”
Clashes with Parliament
He thought he was above asking parliament for $
Absolute Ruler
Puritans again asked for reform
Like Elizabeth, Church is Monarch’s business, not parliament

9. Charles I (1625-1649) Son of James I “Divine Right”
Forced to sign “Petition of Right”
Dissolved Parliament and avoided them for 11 years
Religion finally led to Civil War
Archbishop William Laud (Scots must follow Church of England)
Charles needed $ to fight Scots, so he had to call Parliament
Parliament passed laws to limit kings powers
Charles stormed parliament with soldiers
England divided!

10. Puritan Revolution Cavaliers v Roundheads
Roundheads win and try Charles I for treason
He is convicted and beheaded

11. Cavaliers V. Roundheads

12. Cromwell the Military Dictator
First constitution in a European Nation
Claimed to be a Republic
No merrymaking!
Led massacre in Ireland when they attempted to gain freedom
The English wanted a King again!

13. Restoration Monarchy Charles II Son of Charles I NO Divine Right
Theater, Arts & Merrymaking restored
Habeas Corpus
Argument over religion
Rise of political parties
Whigs (Against James II)
Tories (For James II)
James II
Son of Charles I
Claimed Divine Right
Catholic (even Tories abandoned him)
Due to fear that he would enforce Catholicism as the new state religion– Whigs and Tories planned to replace James

14. The Glorious Revolution
A Bloodless Transition of Power
William & Mary
William of Orange (Protestant prince of the Netherlands)
Mary (Protestant daughter from James II’s first wife)
Compromise with Parliament for Limited Monarchy
English Bill of Rights
No suspending parliament’s laws
No taxes without parliament’s approval
Freedom of speech for parliamentarians
No standing army in time of peace
No excessive bail

15. Early Enlightenment: Philosophers
Thomas Hobbes
Influence: Beheading of Charles I
Nature of Man: Evil, Stupid, Self-serving
Government: Absolute Monarch
Author of: Leviathan
John Locke
Influence: Glorious Revolution
Nature of Man: Innately good and capable of reason
Government: Democracy
Thomas Jefferson