1. Gordon Childe’s Characteristics of a Civilization PRIMARY 1.Settlement in Cities 2.Full Time Specialization of Labor 3.Class Structure 4.State Organization 5.Concentration of Surpluses

2. Gordon Childe’s Characteristics of a Civilization II SECONDARY 6.Monumental Public Works 7.Long Distance Trade 8.Writing 9.Arithmetic, Geometry, Astronomy 10.Standardized monumental art work

3. CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION Began to take place in 4 main areas of the world: 1.Nile River Valley (Egypt) 2.Tigris-Euphrates River Valleys (Mesopotamia) 3.Indus River Valley (India) 4.Yellow River Valley (China) As more evidence is gathered Mesoamerica is being considered a fifth Cradle of Civilization

4. Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was a civilization in the North-eastern section of Africa. Its populace was concentrated along the lower parts of the Nile River and is located in what is today Modern Egypt.

5. Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is a name for the portion of the Tigris–Euphrates river area; in the area that modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, northeastern Syria and a small portion of southeastern Turkey and southwestern Iran

6. Indus River Valley It was a civilization that extended over what is today Northeast Afghanistan and Northwest India. Geographically, it was the largest of the early civilizations.

7. Yellow River Valley The Huang He River Valley served as the cradle of Chinese civilization