1. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop1 Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array ALMA Eduardo Donoso

2. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop2 Table of Contents Present status of ALMA Construction Seismic Requirements –Buildings –Antenna foundations –Computers – Instruments racks November 14, 2007 Earthquake

3. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop3 ALMA Site status

4. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop4

5. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop5 San Pedro de Atacama, Atacama Desert, Northern Chile OSF SiteAOS

6. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop6 AOS (43km) OSF Site (15km) ALMA Sites

7. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop7 Operations Support Facility

8. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop8 ALMA Offices ALMA Camp

9. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop9 OSF Technical Facilities

10. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop10 AEM Contractor Area

11. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop11 MELCO Contractor Area

12. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop12 MELCO : August 2007

13. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop13 Vertex Contractor Area

14. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop14 Vertex #1: August 2007

15. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop15 Contractors Camp

16. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop16 Road: OSF-AOS: Transporter

17. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop17 ALMA Transporter

18. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop18 Transporter – May 2007

19. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop19

20. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop20 Center of Array Pampa La Bola V. Licancabur Cº Chajnantor Chajnantor Plateau – looking north AOS Technical Building

21. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop21 AOS Technical Building

22. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop22

23. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop23 ACA

24. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop24 ALMA + ACA  Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array

26. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop26 Santiago Central Office

27. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop27 ALMA Seismic Requirements

28. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop28 Seismic requirements Temporary Buildings Chilean Code Permanent Buildings ALMA special requirements – more stringent: 0.28 g Chilean Code requirements – 0.20 g No structural damage design

29. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop29 No structural damage design Extremely conservative design: 0.446 g vs 0.28 g –Code written to minimize structural damage and prevent collapse: Structure yields Personnel evacuation Costly repairs – 5.000 m = $$$ –ALMA designs to minimize damage (loads 5 times higher than required by code): Seismic response factor 1 – no damping; accel. assumed directly to structure No yield No evacuation No damage Construction cost higher, but no operation stop

30. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop30 Permanent Buildings Special Features Rock anchors

31. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop31 Insulation for permafrost

32. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop32 Robust structure

33. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop33 Seismic requirements Antenna foundations Case 1: Embedded into rock Case 2: Rock anchors – foundation laying on rock Case 3: Massive concrete standalone –In all cases stiffness governs design – operational requirement of high weight and fast switching

34. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop34 Foundation embedded in rock

35. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop35 Rock anchor design

36. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop36 Massive concrete design

37. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop37 Seismic requirements Computers – Instruments Seismic design anchoring to foundations

38. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop38 Racks seismic design

39. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop39 Effects November 14, 2007 Earthquake

40. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop40 Nothing happened No photos – no damage - ☺

41. December 2007Chile Observatories Earthquake Preparedness Workshop41 www.alma.info The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), an international astronomy facility, is a partnership among Europe, Japan and North America, in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. ALMA is funded in Europe by the European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, in Japan by the National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) in cooperation with the Academia Sinica in Taiwan and in North America by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) in cooperation with the National Research Council of Canada (NRC). ALMA construction and operations are led on behalf of Europe by ESO, on behalf of Japan by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) and on behalf of North America by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), which is managed by Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI).