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Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b This material (Comp4_Unit8b) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015.
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Security Learning Objectives List and describe common security concerns (Lecture a) Describe safeguards against common security concerns (Lecture b) Describe security concerns for wireless networks and how to address them (Lectures b and c) List security concerns/regulations for health care applications (Lecture c) Describe security safeguards used for health care applications (Lecture c) 2 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Mitigating Security Issues Security policy User authentication Firewalls Antivirus software Intrusion Protection Systems Encrypt communications and stored data Audit adherence to security policies 3 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Security Policy Most policies contain provisions related to: –Security definition –Enforcement –User access to the network, devices, software, and data –Password management –Email and Internet use –Antivirus software –Backup and recovery –Intrusion detection –Auditing –Others 4 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Authentication Factors - Proving User Identity Something the user knows –Username and password Something the user has –Smartcards and employee badges Something that is a part of the user (biometrics) –Fingerprints, retinal scans, etc. 5 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Factor Authentication One-factor authentication –Simplest authentication process –Username and password needed Two-factor authentication –Username and password needed –Also need one of other authentication types Smartcard or fingerprint reader Three-factor authentication –All three authentication types used Such as username/password and smartcard and fingerprint reader 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Firewalls Software and/or hardware that blocks unauthorized communications on computer Windows OS provides Windows Firewall Routers provide basic firewall protection –Most ISP routers act as firewalls Inspects each piece of communication Permits or denies traffic based on rules –For example, another user will not be able to connect to user’s computer unless firewall is configured to allow communication 7 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Windows Firewall Example (PD-US, 2011) 8 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Antivirus (AV) Software Detects and removes malware –Can also protect against adware and spyware Requires current virus pattern definitions –Updates cost about $50/year Searches all computer files for virus signatures Monitors for malicious computer activity –For example, if a running program attempts to perform some odd action, the AV software will stop and quarantine the program 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Common Antivirus Software Vendors Avast! http://www.avast.com/indexhttp://www.avast.com/index AVG http://free.avg.com/us-en/homepagehttp://free.avg.com/us-en/homepage HouseCall http://housecall.trendmicro.com/http://housecall.trendmicro.com/ Kaspersky http://usa.kaspersky.com/http://usa.kaspersky.com/ McAfee http://www.mcafee.com/us/http://www.mcafee.com/us/ Symantec http://www.symantec.com/index.jsphttp://www.symantec.com/index.jsp 10 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Intrusion Protection Systems (IPS) Similar to firewall functionality–but more! Hardware and/or software that monitors all network traffic for malicious activity –Works to stop intrusions and alert network administrators The Cisco Secure Intrusion Detection System (formerly NetRanger), is an enterprise- scale, real-time, intrusion detection system designed to detect, report, and terminate unauthorized activity throughout a network. Approximate cost: $700 (PD-US, 2011) 11 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Encryption Makes communication unreadable to unauthorized viewers –Uses electronic private and public key set Authorized viewers provided with encryption key, with ability to encrypt and decrypt messages –Medical office encrypts data using its private key –Patient decrypts data using the medical office’s public key Encryption keeps data confidential –Entities never share their private key 12 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Encryption Example Encrypting a Microsoft Excel 2010 document makes the spreadsheet unreadable to anyone who tries to open it without the encrypting password. Any Microsoft Office file can be encrypted (password protected) in this way. (PD-US, 2011) 13 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Encryption Example (continued) Opening an encrypted document requires the user to enter the password used to encrypt it. If the user does not enter the correct password, the encrypted document cannot be opened. Entering the correct password allows the document to be decrypted so that it can be viewed. (PD-US, 2011) 14 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Encryption Example (continued) Any file on a Windows-based PC can be encrypted. To encrypt a document: 1.Create a new folder. 2.Right-click the folder and select Properties. 3.Click Advanced. 4.Click Encrypt contents to secure data. All files placed in this folder will be encrypted. (PD-US, 2011) 15 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Audit Security Policy Practices Is organization doing what it says it will do? –If nurses are to log off nursing stations when they leave the station, is this being done? –Is the database server kept up to date with critical updates? –Is all access of medical records logged? –Are backups being done regularly and stored according to the security policy? –Do employees adhere to email policies? –Others? 16 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Additional Steps to Take... Educate employees –Don’t open unsolicited attachments –Users lock screens when not at station –Don’t click on popup ads while surfing –Report strange activity to network admins Create secure software applications –Only authenticated and authorized use of software –Non-repudiation of network actions Means that a user or device cannot deny having done something 17 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Additional Steps to Take... Use of password policies –Password complexity –Passwords changed regularly (60 days, etc.) –No reuse of old passwords –Passwords not written down anywhere Domain-based network environment –Server manages users, devices, and policies –No use of network assets unless part of domain –Restricted number of network administrators 18 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Additional Steps to Take... Physical security of assets –Servers bolted to floor/wall in locked room –No unauthorized physical access of equipment –Protect devices with passwords at all times –UPS and power surge equipment used –No access to data without authentication Validation of data entered into database –All database entries validated before stored in database –Test for expected and unexpected database entries 19 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Security Summary – Lecture b Describe safeguards against common security concerns Describe security concerns for wireless networks and how to address them 20 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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Security References – Lecture b References SANS. Information Security Policy Templates. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from: http://www.sans.org/security-resources/policies. http://www.sans.org/security-resources/policies GIAC. The Basics of an IT Security Policy. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from: http://www.giac.org/certified_professionals/practicals/gsec/1863.php. http://www.giac.org/certified_professionals/practicals/gsec/1863.php Wikipedia. Firewall (computing). [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing) Wikipedia. Antivirus software. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antivirus_software. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antivirus_software Wikipedia. Malware. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malware.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malware Wikipedia. Intrusion detection system. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system IT Security. Create your own security audit. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from: http://www.itsecurity.com/features/it-security-audit-010407/. http://www.itsecurity.com/features/it-security-audit-010407/ Images Slide 11: Cisco Secure Intrusion Detection System [image on the Internet]. c2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from: http://www.google.com/products/catalog?q=Intrusion+detection+system&cid=3672983121990923567&ei=wPGHTJ blBomeiwSew5nYAg&sa=title&ved=0CEEQ8wIwBTgA#p. http://www.google.com/products/catalog?q=Intrusion+detection+system&cid=3672983121990923567&ei=wPGHTJ blBomeiwSew5nYAg&sa=title&ved=0CEEQ8wIwBTgA#p 21 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Security Lecture b
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