1. Early Exploration and Settlement pg 2
Chapter 1
Early Exploration and Settlement
pg 2

2. Section 1- The Earliest Americans-pg 6
1. When did scientists believe people first arrived in North America? (1)
During the Ice Age

3. Earth’s climate so cold that water froze into glaciers
Ocean/water levels dropped to reveal a land bridge bx northeastern Asia & Alaska
Land bridge was called the Bering Land Bridge
Describe the Ice Age
(3)

4. ? is
migration?
(1)
A movement of people or animals from one region to another—takes place over a period of time

5. Tell about Paleo-Indians
(2)
Early Asians who crossed Bering Land Bridge into North America
They were hunter-gatherers who lived by hunting animals & gathering wild plants

6. Climates & landscapes that surround living things
? are
environments?
(1)
Climates & landscapes that surround living things

7. Groups that share a culture
6. ? are societies?
(1)
Groups that share a culture

8. ? is culture?
(1)
A group’s set of common values & traditions such as language, government, family relationships

9. Tell about Mesoamerica Today this area is Central America
(2)
Today this area is Central America
Occupied by Olmec & Maya civilizations

10. 9. Tell about Olmec civilization/society
(2)
Created number and calendar systems
Developed a method of writing using glyphs, or symbols to represent ideas

11. 10. Tell about Maya civilization
(3)
Built stone temples, palaces, & bridges
Created calendars
Studied math & astronomy

12. Ancestor or animal spirits on tall wooden poles
11. ? are to totems?
(2)
Ancestor or animal spirits on tall wooden poles
Noted along early civilizations in the Northwest

13. 12. Tell about Iroquois League
Political confederation made up of Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, & Seneca nations
Goal was to wage war or make peace with non-Iroquois & strengthen alliance against invasions
12. Tell about Iroquois League
(2)

14. Study for quiz on
Section 1 for
tomorrow

15. Section 2- The Age of Exploration-pg 12
It was a dramatic change in the way people did business
Many cities grew rich by specializing in certain crafts
Wealth became more important in European society for status & power
Tell about the
Commercial
Revolution
in Europe
(3)

16. Money or property that is used to earn more money as in banks and loans
? is capital?
(1)

17. Tell about joint-stock companies
(2)
Businesses in which a group of people invest together
Investors share in any losses or profits

18. Who did Europeans trade with during the Commercial Revolution?
(1)
Much of the wealth through trade was done with Asia & Africa

19. 5. How was early trade done bx Europe & Asia? (2)
Overland routes
were very dangerous, very long, & very harsh conditions
Merchants took the risks due to the huge profits

20. progress of water routes to Asia & Africa
Ship designs improved
Europeans searched for water routes to bypass Venice, who had a monopoly, or sole economic control of Asian products via the Mediterranean Sea
Explain
progress of water routes to Asia & Africa
(2)

21. 7. How did Marco Polo contribute to Europe’s interest in Asia? (2)
He wrote a book about his travels to China
Many Europeans wanted to learn more about Asia & spread Christianity

22. 8. List some advances that improved water routes across Atlantic Ocean (2)
Astrolabe-used to know ship location by charting position of the stars
Better charts/maps magnetic compass

23. da Gama first to reach India
Prince Henry, aka the Navigator, set up a learning center for learning more about sailing and finding new routes
Dias was first to sail around the southern tip of Africa
da Gama first to reach India
How did
Portugal
lead the European race for a sea route to Asia? (3)

24. First to believe Asia could be reached sailing west across Atlantic instead of east
An Italian sponsored by Spain for his 3-ship expedition
10. Tell about Christopher Columbus (2)

25. 11. Tell about Northwest Passage (2)
While Spain & Portugal explored Central & South America, other Europeans explored North America
These Europeans wanted to find a route through North America to sail their ships from the Atlantic to the Pacific

26. 12. Tell about Columbian Exchange (2)
Exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases bx the “New World”—the Americas & the “Old World”---Asia, Africa, Europe
This Columbian Exchange dramatically changed the world

27. Study for quiz on
Section 2 for
tomorrow

28. Section 3-Spanish America-pg20
Tell about
conquistadors
(1)
Spanish soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas

29. 2. Tell about Cortes (1)
Governor of Cuba sent Cortes, a conquistador, to explore a wealthy land to the west of present-day Mexico

30. Tell about Moctezuma II
(1)
Ruler & king over Aztec Empire & land Cortes explored

31. 4. Tell ? happended bx Spain’s Cortes & the Aztec Empire (2)
At first Moctezuma believed Cortes to be a god & welcomed him
Cortes eventually defeated Moctezuma’s Aztec Empire for Spain

32. Area occupied by Incas who were no match for Pizarro
Tell about
Pizarro
(3)
Spanish conquistador, explored present-day Chile to Columbia in the Andes of South America
Area occupied by Incas who were no match for Pizarro
Pizarro took over Inca Empire, second greatest empire of the Americas

33. 6. Tell about Ponce de Leon (1)
Spanish explorer who searched Florida for the magical Fountain of Youth

34. 7. Tell about Cabrillo (1)
Spaniard who sailed along present-day California coast giving Spain claim to Pacific coast of North America

35. 8. ? made up the Spanish Empire in the Americas? (1)
Present day South America, Central America, & southern part of what is now the United States

36. 9. ? were the 3 kinds of settlements in Spanish America? (3)
Pueblos-used as trading posts
Missions-used to convert American Indians to Catholicism
Presidios-military bases to protect towns & missions

37. 10. Tell about El Camino Real (1)
Aka “the Royal Road” was a network of hundreds of miles of roads that connected the scattered communities of New Spain

38. Rewarded settlers for their service to Spain
Gave these settlers right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work
In return, these settlers had to protect Native American & convert them to Christianity
Tell about
encomienda system
(3)

39. Need to know terms
for quiz on
Section 3 for
tomorrow

40. Section 4-The Race for Empires- pg 24
1. Tell about Martin Luther (2)
Protested policies of Catholic Church
Felt Catholic Church was too wealthy & abused its power

41. Religious movement to reform Catholic Church
2. Tell about
Protestant
Reformation
(2)
Religious movement to reform Catholic Church
Began in Germany then spread throughout Europe

42. 3. Tell about Protestants Protested Catholic Church & its rules
(2)
Protested Catholic Church & its rules
Thought pope had too much power

43. 4. Tell about printing press Machine that produced printed copies
(2)
Machine that produced printed copies
Helped spread ideas of the Reformation

44. 5. ? became of conflict bx Catholics & Protestants?
(1)
Conflicts led to a civil war throughout Europe

45. 6. Tell about Anglican Church (2)
King Henry VIII founded Church of England aka Anglican Church
Defied authority of pope & angered Catholics when he made himself head of the church

46. 7. Who led Spain & England during the Protestant Reformation in the late 1500’s? (2)
Spain—King Phillip II, a Catholic
England—Queen Elizabeth I, an Anglican

47. Who was Sir Francis Drake? (2)
Most successful English sea dog---sailors who raided Spanish treasure ships
Drake was knighted by Queen Elizabeth despite requests from King Phillip to have him punished

48. King Phillip was defeated & worsened Spain’s inflation
King Phillip formed a huge navy to overthrow Queen Elizabeth and her sea dogs and Anglican Church
King Phillip was defeated & worsened Spain’s inflation
9. Tell about the Spanish Armada
(2)

49. 10. ? is inflation? (1)
Rise in price of goods caused by an increase in the amount of money in use

50. 11. ? area did France occupy in North America? (1)
“New France” spread out from the St. Lawrence River with French fur traders, explorers, & missionaries

51. 12. Tell about
La Salle (2)
French explorer who claimed Mississippi Valley for King Louis XIV of France
Region was called Louisiana to honor king

52. 13. Tell about relationship bx French & Native Americans (2)
Friendly trading relationship
French respected Native American languages & ways of life

53. Area called “New Netherland”
Henry Hudson gave Dutch claim to area bx Delaware & Hudson rivers
Area called “New Netherland”
Dutch West India Company sent settlers to New Netherland
14. Tell about Dutch in North America
(3)

54. 15. Tell about Minuit (2)
Bought Manhattan & founded New Amsterdam for Dutch
He also helped Swedish settlers found New Sweden

55. 16. ? is a charter? (1)
Document giving permission to start a colony

56. 17. Tell about Sir Walter Raleigh (2)
Received a charter to start an English colony in present day Virginia & North Carolina
His colony, known as Roanoke Island, mysteriously disappeared

57. Study
for quiz on
Section 4 for
tomorrow