1. Hospital Procedures TM

2. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
Neuter – Orchiectomy (castration)
Removal of the testes
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3. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
Spay – Ovariohysterectomy
Removal of the ovaries and the entire uterus
“spayed” not “spade” or “spaded”.
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4. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
In the past, was done when the animal reached six months of age.
Today the operation can be performed as early as six weeks.
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5. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
1. It’s cruel to spay or neuter.
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6. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
2. My pet will become fat and lazy.
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7. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
3. It costs too much money.
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8. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
4. I have a male.
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9. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
5. It’s better for her to have one litter.
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10. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
6. I have a purebred animal.
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11. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
7. I want my children to witness the miracle of birth.
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12. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
8. I will sell the puppies/kittens and make money.
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13. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
9. My pet’s personality will change.
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14. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
10. I am concerned about my pet undergoing anesthesia.
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15. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Truth:
1. Spaying and neutering contributes to a longer and healthier life.
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16. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Truth:
2. Spaying and neutering prevents overpopulation.
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17. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Truth:
3. An altered pet is better for your family.
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18. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Truth:
4. An altered pet is cleaner – no spraying or bleeding.
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19. Hospital Procedures TM
Spay/Neuter
The Truth:
5. Spaying and neutering may prevent pets from roaming and getting into fights.
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20. Hospital Procedures TM
Bandaging
Bandaging methods are designed for specific areas of the body or specific purposes.
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21. Hospital Procedures TM
Bandaging
The two areas most commonly bandaged are the abdomen and the legs.
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22. Hospital Procedures TM
Abdominal Bandage
commonly called the bellyband.
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23. Hospital Procedures TM
Abdominal Bandage
used after abdominal surgery to prevent the animal from licking the incision and to keep it clean.
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24. Hospital Procedures TM
Abdominal Bandage
also used if an injury has occurred in the abdominal area to:
1) control fluid leakage
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25. Hospital Procedures TM
Abdominal Bandage
also used if an injury has occurred in the abdominal area to:
2) keep medication on the wound
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26. Hospital Procedures TM
Abdominal Bandage
also used if an injury has occurred in the abdominal area to:
3) keep the wound as sterile as possible
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27. Hospital Procedures TM
Abdominal Bandage
The bellyband consists of four layers:
1) a sterile non-stick pad
2) a layer of absorbent cotton
3) a layer of gauze
4) a final layer of adhesive bandage
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28. Hospital Procedures TM
Abdominal Bandage
The main goal when applying a bellyband is to keep it snug and smooth so that it is comfortable and less likely to slip loose.
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29. Hospital Procedures TM
Abdominal Bandage
It is important not to apply it too tightly since this will cause patient discomfort.
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30. Hospital Procedures TM
Abdominal Bandage
To apply a bellyband:
1) Start at the front of the abdomen and wrap towards the back overlapping the edges of the bandage.
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31. Hospital Procedures TM
Abdominal Bandage
To apply a bellyband:
2) When you reach the back, wrap the bandage towards the front, continuing to overlap the edges.
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32. Hospital Procedures TM
Abdominal Bandage
To apply a bellyband:
Each layer should be wrapped front and back at least one time.
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33. Hospital Procedures TM
Leg Bandages
generally applied for the purpose of:
covering an open wound
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34. Hospital Procedures TM
Leg Bandages
generally applied for the purpose of:
2) lending support to the leg
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35. Hospital Procedures TM
Leg Bandages
generally applied for the purpose of:
3) securing a catheter
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36. Hospital Procedures TM
Leg Bandages
usually have four layers for wounds or catheters :
a non-stick pad
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37. Hospital Procedures TM
Leg Bandages
usually have four layers for wounds or catheters :
2) absorbent cotton
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38. Hospital Procedures TM
Leg Bandages
usually have four layers for wounds or catheters :
3) gauze
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39. Hospital Procedures TM
Leg Bandages
usually have four layers for wounds or catheters :
4) adhesive bandage
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40. Hospital Procedures TM
Leg Bandages
Support leg bandages are mostly used on horses.
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41. Hospital Procedures TM
Support Leg Bandages
consist of a cotton or quilt layer and an elastic bandage
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42. Hospital Procedures TM
Support Leg Bandages
Whenever a bandage is applied to a horse’s leg it should be started on the outside of the leg and wrapped towards to back of the leg.
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43. Hospital Procedures TM
Support Leg Bandages
will support the tendons and ligaments of the leg
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44. Hospital Procedures TM
Vaccinations
an important part of every animal’s health care program
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45. Hospital Procedures TM
Vaccinations
a large part of all veterinary practices
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46. Hospital Procedures TM
Vaccinations
lessen the chance that an animal will contract a disease
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47. Hospital Procedures TM
Vaccinations
When and how often an animal is vaccinated will vary from vet to vet and their location within the country.
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48. Hospital Procedures TM
Causes of Disease
Diseases are divided into two categories, infectious and non-infectious.
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49. Hospital Procedures TM
Causes of Disease
Infectious diseases can be passed from animal to animal or from animal to human.
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50. Hospital Procedures TM
Causes of Disease
Diseases that are passed from animal to human are called zoonotic.
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51. Hospital Procedures TM
Causes of Disease
Non-infectious diseases cannot be passed from one animal to another or to humans.
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52. Hospital Procedures TM
Infectious Diseases
caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae, helminthes, protozoa, and arthropods
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53. Hospital Procedures TM
Infectious Diseases
disease-causing agents can enter an animal through the skin, mouth, mucous membranes, lungs, or reproductive tract.
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54. Hospital Procedures TM
Infectious Diseases
can also be spread by either direct or indirect means.
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55. Hospital Procedures TM
Infectious Diseases
Direct transmission
occurs by skin contact, ingestion of an infected animal, inhalation, and sexual/reproductive contact
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56. Infectious Diseases Indirect transmission
uses vectors, vehicles, and fomites
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57. Infectious Diseases Vectors mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, flies
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58. Hospital Procedures TM
Infectious Diseases
Vehicles
equipment (brushes, buckets)
instruments (needles, scissors)
utensils
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59. Hospital Procedures TM
Infectious Diseases
Fomites
water, air, soil, food
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60. Non-infectious Diseases
caused by:
dysfunctions of one or more body systems
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61. Non-infectious Diseases
caused by:
nutritional deficiencies
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62. Non-infectious Diseases
caused by:
poisoning
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63. Non-infectious Diseases
caused by:
physical injuries
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64. Non-infectious Diseases
caused by:
stress
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65. Non-infectious Diseases
caused by:
stress
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66. Non-infectious Diseases
Genetics and environment are also factors
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67. Hospital Procedures TM
Immunity
a function of the lymph system and protects the body from infection, disease and foreign bodies
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68. Hospital Procedures TM
Immunity System
produces antibodies
specialized proteins designed to fight antigens
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69. Hospital Procedures TM
Immunity System
Antigens
any foreign substances that induce an immune response.
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70. Hospital Procedures TM
Immunity
can be established through passive or active means
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71. Hospital Procedures TM
Passive Immunity
when an animal is given antibodies that have already been produced by another individual
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72. Hospital Procedures TM
Passive Immunity
Antibodies passing from the mother through the placenta and in the colostrum.
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73. Hospital Procedures TM
Passive Immunity
provides only short-term immunity because the body breaks down the antibodies
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74. Hospital Procedures TM
Active Immunity
when an animal produces antibodies by natural or artificial means in response to an antigen
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75. Hospital Procedures TM
Active Immunity
produced naturally when an animal is exposed to a disease and builds antibodies in response
Artificial
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76. Hospital Procedures TM
Active Immunity
produced artificially when an animal is vaccinated and builds antibodies in response to the vaccine
Natural
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77. Hospital Procedures TM
Vaccines
substances that upon injection into an animal, stimulate an immune response
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78. Hospital Procedures TM
Vaccines
Two main types:
modified-live
killed
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79. Vaccines Modified-live Vaccines
altered forms of specific antigens that are similar enough to the original disease-causing agent to cause a strong immune response without causing the disease
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80. Hospital Procedures TM
Vaccines
Killed Vaccines
disease-causing agents that are inactivated by heat, chemical or mechanical means
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81. Hospital Procedures TM
Vaccines
Killed Vaccines
Immunity developed with this vaccine is generally weaker than a modified-live vaccine.
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82. Hospital Procedures TM
Vaccines
Killed Vaccines
There is also a possibility that the animal is allergic to the compound used to destroy the disease-causing agent.
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83. Diseases to Vaccinate For
Dogs
Leptospirosis
Lyme disease
Parainfluenza
Parvovirus
Rabies
Bordetella
(Kennel cough)
Coronavirus
Distemper
Infectious hepatitis
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84. Diseases to Vaccinate For
Cats
• Feline viral rhinotracheitits
• Panleukopenia
• Rabies
• Feline calicivirus
• Feline infectious peritonitis
• Feline leukemia virus
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85. Hospital Procedures TM
Dental Care
just as important for pets as it is for humans
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86. Hospital Procedures TM
Dental Care
both cats and dogs are susceptible to gingivitis and periodontal disease as well as other dental problems
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87. Hospital Procedures TM
Gingivitis
an inflammation and infection of the sensitive gums surrounding the teeth
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88. Hospital Procedures TM
Periodontal Disease
an advanced stage of gingivitis where the gingiva separates from the tooth and decay of the tooth sets in
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89. Signs of Poor Oral Health
Persistent bad breath
Difficulty eating
Loss of appetite
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90. Signs of Poor Oral Health
Inflamed or bleeding gums
Tartar
Excessive pawing at the mouth
Loose or missing teeth
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91. Hospital Procedures TM
Keeping Teeth Clean
Dentistry is most often performed by the technician.
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92. Hospital Procedures TM
Keeping Teeth Clean
Dentistry is accomplished like human dentistry the teeth are:
cleaned,
polished, and
examined for abnormalities and disease
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93. Hospital Procedures TM
Keeping Teeth Clean
The main difference is that the patients are anesthetized for the procedure.
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94. Hospital Procedures TM
Keeping Teeth Clean
The technician is responsible for educating clients on the process of brushing their pet’s teeth.
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95. Hospital Procedures TM
Home Dental Care
• Begin by handling your pet’s mouth.
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96. Hospital Procedures TM
Home Dental Care
Get them to accept a finger being rubbed along the teeth and gums.
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97. Hospital Procedures TM
Home Dental Care
Next, use a small toothbrush or a specially designed finger brush to scrub your pet’s teeth.
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98. Hospital Procedures TM
Home Dental Care
Only the outside of the tooth needs to be brushed.
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99. Hospital Procedures TM
Home Dental Care
There are several types of flavored pet toothpaste that your pet will enjoy.
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100. NEVER USE HUMAN TOOTHPASTE!
Home Dental Care
NEVER USE HUMAN TOOTHPASTE!
(It may make your pet sick if swallowed.)
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101. Hospital Procedures TM
Home Dental Care
Brush your pet’s teeth at least twice a week.
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102. Home Dental Care Develop a routine and make it fun for your pet.
(They will think they are getting a treat!)
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103. Hospital Procedures TM
Home Dental Care
Feeding dry food and rawhide chews will cut down on the amount of tartar buildup.
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104. Hospital Procedures TM
Anatomy of a Tooth
Enamel
Crown
Dentin
Gingiva
Periodontal ligament
Root
Pulp canal
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105. Routes of Administration
Medication
Routes of Administration
Medication is administered in different ways depending on the type of medication and how fast the animal needs to get it.
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106. Routes of Administration
Medication
Routes of Administration
Example:
a pill for preventing heartworm can be given orally
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107. Routes of Administration
Medication
Routes of Administration
Example:
a drug to prevent shock should be given IV (intravenously) since it is a life or death situation.
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108. Routes of Administration
Medication
Routes of Administration
Common Routes:
Oral IM – intramuscular
Nasal IP – intraperitoneal
Subcutaneous IV – intravenous
(Sub-Q)
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109. Routes of Administration
Nasal
Sub-Q
Oral IM IP IV
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110. Routes of Administration
Medication
Routes of Administration
Most vaccinations are given
SubQ or IM.
Some are given nasally.
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111. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
Come in many shapes and sizes.
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112. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
Should be familiar with them so that the appropriate type and size are used for every procedure.
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113. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
Needles come in several sizes that are referred to as gauges.
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114. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
The smaller the gauge, the larger the needle.
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115. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
Common Gauges:
16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27
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116. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
Large gauge needles (16,18,20) are used for horses, swine and cattle.
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117. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
Small gauge needles (21,22,23,25,27) are used for cats, dogs, and exotics.
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118. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
Syringes also come in various sizes.
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119. Needles & Syringes The most common sizes are:
insulin, 1, 3, 6, 12, 20, 35, and 60 ml
1 ml syringes are called tuberculin syringes
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120. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
Insulin syringes come with attached needles and are measured in increments called units.
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121. Needles & Syringes Syringes also come with different styles of tips.
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122. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
Luer-Lok tip
– has a threaded tip to hold needle securely
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123. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
Slip tip
– this is the standard syringe tip
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124. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
Eccentric tip
– used to get a straighter angle
for IV injections
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125. Hospital Procedures TM
Needles & Syringes
Catheter tip
– used to administer oral medications and liquefied food
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126. Filling and Reading a Syringe
Needles & Syringes
Filling and Reading a Syringe
It is important to know the proper way to fill and read a syringe.
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127. Filling and Reading a Syringe
Needles & Syringes
Filling and Reading a Syringe
Improper filling and reading could result in an over or under dose of medication.
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128. Filling and Reading a Syringe
Needles & Syringes
Filling and Reading a Syringe
A properly filled syringe should have no air bubbles and should be filled to the correct amount.
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129. Filling and Reading a Syringe
Needles & Syringes
Filling and Reading a Syringe
Air bubbles injected into a vein could potentially cause disturbances in blood circulation and even death.
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130. Dispensing & Labeling Medication
Dispensing medication requires knowledge of math and the laws that govern how a medication is packaged and labeled.
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131. Dispensing & Labeling Medication
It is critical that medication is given in the right amount and that the directions for the client are clear and correct.
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132. Dispensing & Labeling Medication
Every medication label is required by law to include:
Name of veterinarian, address, phone, clinic name
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133. Dispensing & Labeling Medication
Every medication label is required by law to include:
2. Patient’s name and species
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134. Dispensing & Labeling Medication
Every medication label is required by law to include:
3. Name of medication, concentration, and number of units dispensed
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135. Dispensing & Labeling Medication
Every medication label is required by law to include:
Directions for use, including route of administration, and dosing interval
ex. - 3x/day for 5 days
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136. Dispensing & Labeling Medication
Every medication label is required by law to include:
5. Date
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137. Dispensing & Labeling Medication
Every medication label is required by law to include:
6. Warning statement:
For Veterinary Use Only
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138. Medication Labels
Wild Wood Veterinary Hospital
Melvin Turner, DVM
128 Clearbrook Drive
Colorado Springs, CO 75074
(719)
Client/Patient Name:___________________________________________ Species:___________
Beth Lowery – Fido
Canine
Medication:__________________________________________________ Amount:__________________________
Clavamox
25mls
Directions for use: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Give 2 mls twice a day until gone
Date:_______________________
11/28/02
For Veterinary Use Only.
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