1. Using Natural Resources
Preview
Understanding Concepts
Reading Skills
Interpreting Graphics

2. Understanding Concepts
1. In a particular ecosystem, hawks prey on bats, which
prey on mosquitoes. Suppose the area is sprayed
with a pesticide that kills most of the mosquito
population. What are the effects on the other two
populations likely to be?
A. The populations of bats and hawks will both increase.
B. The population of bats will increase and the population of hawks will decrease.
C. The population of bats will decrease and the population of hawks will increase.
D. The populations of bats and hawks will both decrease.

3. Understanding Concepts
1. In a particular ecosystem, hawks prey on bats, which
prey on mosquitoes. Suppose the area is sprayed
with a pesticide that kills most of the mosquito
population. What are the effects on the other two
populations likely to be?
A. The populations of bats and hawks will both increase.
B. The population of bats will increase and the population of hawks will decrease.
C. The population of bats will decrease and the population of hawks will increase.
D. The populations of bats and hawks will both decrease.

4. Understanding Concepts, continued
2. What source of energy is likely to run out first,
assuming use continues at its current rates and
no new supplies are discovered?
F. coal
G. natural gas
H. solar power
I. nuclear power

5. Understanding Concepts, continued
2. What source of energy is likely to run out first,
assuming use continues at its current rates and
no new supplies are discovered?
F. coal
G. natural gas
H. solar power
I. nuclear power

6. Understanding Concepts, continued
3. What type of energy source originates in dead
plant and animal matter which has not been
able to decompose in air?
A. fossil fuels
B. nuclear energy
C. geothermal energy
D. hydroelectric power

7. Understanding Concepts, continued
3. What type of energy source originates in dead
plant and animal matter which has not been
able to decompose in air?
A. fossil fuels
B. nuclear energy
C. geothermal energy
D. hydroelectric power

8. Understanding Concepts, continued
4. Name three likely sources of pollution arising
from a process whose endpoint is a customer
in a store buying vegetables that were grown in
another state.

9. Understanding Concepts, continued
4. Name three likely sources of pollution arising
from a process whose endpoint is a customer
in a store buying vegetables that were grown in
another state.
Answer: agricultural runoff, fuel for transportation of vegetables and consumer, power to run the store

10. Understanding Concepts, continued
5. How do agricultural pollution and hot-water
discharge from power plants combine to create
eutrophication? What are the consequences of
eutrophication?

11. Understanding Concepts, continued
5. How do agricultural pollution and hot-water
discharge from power plants combine to create
eutrophication? What are the consequences of
eutrophication?
Answer: Nitrates from agricultural runoff feed algae and bacteria, and the warmth of hot water discharge makes them multiply faster, so they use up the oxygen in the water, killing off fish and other aquatic wildlife.

12. NUCLEAR ENERGY: RISK AND PROMISE
Reading Skills
NUCLEAR ENERGY: RISK AND PROMISE
The first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was created in the United States in 1942, by a team of scientists led by Enrico Fermi. It was not until 1951 that electricity was first generated by a nuclear reactor, in Arco, Idaho. That first nuclear power station had a power output of only 100 kilowatts. In 1960, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania became the first nuclear-powered city. The total power output from nuclear power, across the world, was just under 1 gigawatt in 1960; it had risen to 300 gigawatts by the late 1980s. The growth of nuclear energy slowed at that point, after two major accidents at nuclear power plants resulted in a public backlash against nuclear power. Today there is an estimated world power output from nuclear energy of 350 gigawatts.

13. Reading Skills, continued
NUCLEAR ENERGY: RISK AND PROMISE, continued
Nuclear power accounts for approximately 18% of electricity generated worldwide, though it varies greatly from country to country; the United States generates approximately 20% of its electricity from nuclear power, whereas France generates 78% of its electricity from nuclear power.
6. Approximately what is the total world electricity output?
F. 19 gigawatts H. 350 gigawatts
G. 63 gigawatts I. 1,900 gigawatts

14. Reading Skills, continued
6. Approximately what is the total world electricity output?
F. 19 gigawatts H. 350 gigawatts
G. 63 gigawatts I. 1,900 gigawatts

15. Reading Skills, continued
7. How long was it between the first man-made
nuclear chain reaction and the first use of a
chain reaction to produce electricity?
A. 9 years
B. 12 years
C. 18 years
D. 20 years

16. Reading Skills, continued
7. How long was it between the first man-made
nuclear chain reaction and the first use of a
chain reaction to produce electricity?
A. 9 years
B. 12 years
C. 18 years
D. 20 years

17. Reading Skills, continued
8. Is it likely that nuclear reactors will be
generating more power in 50 years than they
do now? Why?

18. Reading Skills, continued
8. Is it likely that nuclear reactors will be
generating more power in 50 years than they
do now? Why?
Answer: Yes; the amount of nuclear power produced has been increasing ever since it started, and fossil fuels are running out.

19. Interpreting Graphics
The graph below shows how much solid waste was produced by a city in the year Use this graph to answer question 9.

20. Interpreting Graphics, continued
9. If the municipal solid waste amounted to 1.9 × 109 kg, how much total waste did the city produce?
F. 2.6 × 109 kg
G. 4.1 × 109 kg
H. 2.7 × 1010 kg
I. 7.3 × 1010 kg

21. Interpreting Graphics, continued
9. If the municipal solid waste amounted to 1.9 × 109 kg, how much total waste did the city produce?
F. 2.6 × 109 kg
G. 4.1 × 109 kg
H. 2.7 × 1010 kg
I. 7.3 × 1010 kg

22. Interpreting Graphics, continued
The diagram below shows the use of hydroelectric power for every
state in the United States. Use this diagram to answer question 10.

23. Interpreting Graphics, continued
10. How many states use 10,000 million gallons of water per day or less?
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20

24. Interpreting Graphics, continued
10. How many states use 10,000 million gallons of water per day or less?
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20