1. Becoming a Teacher Ninth Edition
Forrest W. Parkay
Chapter 11
Curriculum Standards, Assessment, and Student Learning
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved

2. Becoming a Teacher: Parkay and Stanford

3. Focus Questions What role will standards play in your classroom?
What is standards-based education?
What controversies surround the effort to raise standards?
What methods can you use to assess student learning?
How can you develop high-quality classroom assessments?
Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

4. What role will standards play in your classroom?
Standard – level of knowledge or skill that is necessary to perform a specific task
Standards in Education
Called: Content standards, goals, expectations, learning results or learning outcomes
Statements reflecting what students should know and do within a particular discipline
Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

5. What is standards-based education?
Standards-Based Education (SBE)
Basing curricula, teaching and assessment of student learning on rigorous world class standards
Based on belief that all students are capable of meeting high standards

6. What is standards-based education?
Common Core State Standards
Initiative (CCSSI)
Voluntary
Not a Federal initiative
Aligned with college and work expectations
Clear, understandable, and consistent
Rigorous content and application through higher-order skills
Informed by other top-performing countries
Evidenced and research-based

7. What is standards-based education?
Content Standards
Content or knowledge and skills students should acquire in various academic disciplines
Benchmarks (Indicators)
Specific statements of what students should be able to do at specific grade levels or development stages

8. What is standards-based education?
Performance standard
Used to assess the degree to which students have attained standards,
reflect level of proficiency
Performance expectations
Level of achievement, quality performance or level of proficiency developed by professional associations

9. What is standards-based education?
Aligning Curricula and Textbooks With Standards and Curriculum
Curriculum Alignment
Aligning curricula and textbooks with national and state standards
Horizontal – Specified grade level alignment of all subjects
Vertical – Specified subject alignment of all grades
Curriculum Framework
Document by state education agency with recommended guidelines, instructional and assessment strategies

10. What controversies surround the effort to raise standards?
Arguments in Support of Raising Standards
Achievement improved by defining what is to be taught
Necessary for equality of opportunity
Valuable coordinating function
Supplies accurate information to parents and students
Serve an important signaling device to students, parents, teachers, employers and colleges

11. What controversies surround the effort to raise standards?
Concerns About Raising Standards
National Curriculum will create an expanded role of government in education
Conservative groups wish to undo the educational gains of underrepresented groups
Emphasis on testing results in decrease in emphasis on subjects not tested
Standards are vague and not linked to valid assessments
Standards describe activities
Scope and sequence unclear
Benchmarks are unrealistic and students rushed
Instruction no longer addressing student needs

12. What controversies surround the effort to raise standards?
Questions to help decide if Standards-Based Education (SBE) should be used:
Where will we get our standards?
Who will set standards?
Why types of standards to include?
What format to write standards in?
What will be the levels of benchmarks?
How to assess?
How to report student progress?
How to hold students accountable?

13. What controversies surround the effort to raise standards?
Standards, Testing and Accountability
Teachers and Schools may be ranked by test scores for accountability
Scores may determine whether students graduate
Funds may be provided for schools scoring high or denied to those scoring low on tests

14. Becoming a Teacher: Parkay and Stanford

15. What methods can you use to assess student learning?
Assessment
process of observing student behavior and drawing inferences about student knowledge and abilities
Quantitative Assessment
numerical scores to evaluate learning
Work Habits
disposition necessary for effective thinking, learning, reflecting, independence, managing time, persistence, accuracy and working collaboratively
Qualitative Assessment
Subjective assessment of student behavior

16. What methods can you use to assess student learning?
Challenges of Assessing Student Learning
What students learn may be indeterminate and beyond measurement
Purpose of Classroom Assessment
Determine if material learned
Identify feedback to enhance learning
Develop strategies to improving teaching effectiveness
Determine if students have reached expected levels

17. What methods can you use to assess student learning?
Purposes of Classroom Assessment
Measurement – gathering quantitative data related to knowledge and skill acquired
Evaluation – making judgments or assigning value to measurements
Formative Evaluation – measuring student skills to make decisions about teaching
Summative Evaluation – determining grades at end of semester or year

18. Becoming a Teacher: Parkay and Stanford

19. What methods can you use to assess student learning?
Standardized Assessments
International Assessments
International Assessment of Educational Progress (IAEP)
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)
Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)
Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)

20. What methods can you use to assess student learning?
Norm Referenced Assessments
Students scores are compared to score of others who are similar
Norm Group – comparison group of students
Allow teachers to rank students by achievement

21. What methods can you use to assess student learning?
Criterion Referenced Assessments
Students’ learning is compared with clearly defined criteria or standards
Does not indicate “average”
Indicate what students know and can do in a specific area

22. Becoming a Teacher: Parkay and Stanford

23. What methods can you use to assess student learning?
Emerging Trends in Classroom Assessment
Alternative Assessment
form of assessment that requires construction of meaning instead of memory of facts
Authentic Assessment – Student must use higher level thinking skills to perform, create or solve problems
Portfolio Assessment – Student’s collection of work showing growth

24. What methods can you use to assess student learning?
Alternative Assessment
Peer Assessment – Students assess one another’s work informally
Self Assessment – Students assess their own work
Performance Based Assessment – Student ability to apply knowledge, skills and work is observed and judged
Alternate Assessment – Student with disability is observed to enhance future performance, part of IDEA 97
Project Based Learning – Student teams explore real world problems and present what learned.

25. Becoming a Teacher: Parkay and Stanford

26. How can you develop high-quality classroom assessments?
Skills needed to assess student learning
Choose appropriate assessment methods for attaining objectives
Administer, Score and Interpret Results
Use results for future planning
Develop valid grading procedures
Communicate results
Recognize inappropriate assessments and result uses

27. How can you develop high-quality classroom assessments?
Validity
Does the test measure what it should?
Reliability
Are the results consistent over time, different times and conditions?

28. Becoming a Teacher: Parkay and Stanford

29. How can you develop high-quality classroom assessments?
Scoring Rubrics
Rating scales of pre-established performance criteria (scoring guides)
Holistic Rubric – Used to score whole product or process
Analytical Rubric – Used to score separate parts of the product or process

30. How can you develop high-quality classroom assessments?
Multiple Measures of Student Learning
Multiple methods of assessment will allow students to develop positive views of themselves and subject if more opportunities for success

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32. Becoming a Teacher: Parkay and Stanford

33. Becoming a Teacher: Parkay and Stanford