1. Quadratic Equations, Functions, and Models
Section 2.3
Quadratic Equations, Functions, and Models

2. Quadratic Equations- second degree equations of a single variable (highest power of variable is 2) Quadratic Equations can have at most 2 real solutions.

3. Quadratic Equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
Standard Form:
ax2 + bx + c = 0
where a, b, c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
Quadratic Function
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
where a, b, c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.

4. Strategies for Solving a Quadratic Equations
Factoring (Zero-Product Property)
Square Root Property
Completing the Square
4. Quadratic Formula

5. Zero-Product Property
If the product of two numbers is zero (0), then one of the numbers is zero (0).
ab = 0 ,
where a and b are real numbers
a or b must be zero

6. Steps for Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring (Zero-Product Property)
Set quadratic equal to zero.
ax2 + bx + c = 0 , where a, b, c are real numbers and a ≠ 0
Factor.
Set each factor equal to zero.
Solve each equation for the variable.

7. Example of Solving a Quadratic Equation
ex. Solve for x.
x2 + 2x – 15 = 0

8. Graph of f(x) = x² +2x - 15

9. Zeros of a Function The zeros of a quadratic function
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c = 0 are the solutions of the associated quadratic equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0. (These solutions are sometimes called the roots of the equation.)
Real number zeros (solutions) are the x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph of the quadratic equation.

10. Zero = roots = solutions = x-intercepts
Zeros of a Function
When f(x) = 0, then you are finding the
the zero(s) of the function.
f(x) = 0 means y = 0
Which means we are finding the x-intercept(s)
**Zero of a function is another name for x-intercept**
Zero = roots = solutions = x-intercepts

11. Solving Quadratic Equations with the Square Root Property
x2 = k
Examples

13. Completing the Square
1.Isolate the terms with variables on one side of the equation and arrange them in descending order.
2. Divide by the coefficient of the squared term if that coefficient is not 1.
3. Complete the square by taking half the coefficient of the first-degree term and adding its square on both sides of the equation.
4. Express one side of the equation as the square of a binomial.
5. Use the principle of square roots.
6. Solve for the variable.

16. Steps for Solving Quadratic Equations by Using Quadratic Formula
ax2 + bx + c = 0 , where a, b, c are real numbers and a ≠ 0
Quadratic Formula

19. Discriminant
b²- 4ac
If the value of the discriminant is positive, then there are 2 real solutions.
If the value of the discriminant is zero, then there is 1 real solution.
If the value of the discriminant is negative, then there are 2 imaginary solutions.