1. The Evolution of Workplace Learning in the United States Since 1607
Gary J. Confessore, Ed.D Sharon J. Confessore, Ph.D EunMi Park, Ed.D.
HRD Enterprises Bon Secours Health System Johns Hopkins University
2008 East Asia Forum for Adult Education
Guangzhou and Macau
May 18 – 22, 2008

2. Adult Learning and HRD: New Requirements Create Opportunities

3. Time-Line of Adult Education Practices in the U.S.A.
From
Time-Line of Adult Education Practices in the U.S.A.
Time-Line of Workplace Training Practices in the U.S.A.
1607
1790
1860
1920
Formative Era
Establishment Era
National Era
Agricultural & Practical Skills learned through Apprenticeships, Guilds,
& Indentured Service
Industrial skills certified by labor unions after period of experience
1st Morrill Act – 1862
Immigration & need for adult basic education in workplace
2nnd Morrill Act

4. National Defense Education Act - 1958
From
Time-Line of Adult Education Practices in the U.S.A.
Time-Line of Workplace Training Practices in the U.S.A.
1920
1944
1957
1960
Sputnik – 1957
Space Race
National Defense Education Act
Transition to the
Modern Era
Serviceman’s
Readjustment Act
1944
1928 Great Depression
Hawthorn productivity study ( )
On the Job-Training
Bandura’s work on observable behaviors
First Computer-Based Training System (CBT)
JIT (Job Instruction
Training)
By National Defense
Advisory Commission
Change from worker skills to employee satisfaction

5. Time-Line of Adult Learning Theory in the U.S.A.
From
Time-Line of Adult Learning Theory in the U.S.A.
Time-Line of Workplace Training Practices in the U.S.A.
1960
1975
1985
1995
1st International SDL Symposium 1986
Theory of Planned Behavior
Learner Autonomy Defined -1992
Internet exceeds 4 million nodes 1994
Houle – 1961
Johnstone & Rivera – 1965
Andragogy popularized in U.S.A. – 1970
Cross, Valley & Assoc
Self-Directed Learning – 1975
Metacognition
Social Learning Theory
Adult’s Learning Projects
Theory of Reasoned Action -1980
Multiple Intelligences
Most mid-size companies have in-house training programs
The Third Wave
HRD-Adult Learning programs develop in Higher Education
One employer for life concept eliminated
Multiple careers across the life span
Knowledge & information replace money as wealth
Equal Pay Act of 1963
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Future Shock

6. Time-Line of Adult Learning Theory in the U.S.A.
From 1995 – 2008
Time-Line of Adult Learning Theory in the U.S.A.
Time-Line of Work-Related Learning in the U.S.A.
1995
2000
2008
Precursors to intentionality and persistence intentions to learn constructed
Learner Autonomy Profile
Autonomous learning and SDL contrasted from agentic perspective- 2008
Emotional Intelligence – 1995
Learning as a Way of Being – 1996
1st World Congress on SDL, Montreal – 1997
Resourcefulness & initiative intentions to learn constructed
Learning Organizations
Distance Learning
Chief Learning Officers
Individual Development Plans
Knowledge Management Systems
Communities of Practice
Leadership Development
Succession Planning
Web based learning
Executive Coaches

7. Projections From Present to 2020
Projections of Adult Learning Theory in the U.S.A.
Projections of Work-Related Learning in the U.S.A.
2009
2020
Web-based learning will become a dominant model
Assessment and enhancement of learner autonomy will support several research agendas
Simulations & gaming for learning will be more realistic
Learning theory rather than instructional design will become the core component of knowledge acquisition models
Dominance of Distance Learning Programs
Internet-based Mentoring
Focus on Developing Behavioral Intentions to Learn
“Trainers” will be viewed as “learning support resources”
Individual development plans based on assessment of learner autonomy will be common
Internet commuting will replace physical commuting in light of energy and other economic realities
Corporations will be slow to modify employee selection, development, and evaluation models to account for Internet commuting
Network based learning and simulation learning

8. Contact Information
Gary J. Confessore, Ed.D., MLAC Sharon J. Confessore, Ph.D EunMi Park, Ed.D., MLAC