1. Computer Hardware and Software
By: Reem Hasayen

2. Types of computers Main vocabulary : Desktop. Laptop Macintosh.
Mainframes
Personal Computers (PC)
Personal digital assistant (PDA) or Penbook.
Supercomputer
Server

3. Types of computers
1. A desktop computer is designed to remain in one location. The personal computer(PC) and Macintosh support one user at a time. A company called Apple makes Macintosh computers. Several different companies makes PCs. ** workstation is a normal PC but features superior components ( CPU,Memory,Vedio) ** Minicomputers designed to manage larg databases and companies

4. Types of computers
2. A laptop computer is designed to be carried from place to place. They differ from desktops because of their reduce size and higher cost for the same computing power. 3. Notebook computers have the same features that the laptop has but even much smaller.

5. Types of computers They are used in the management of the large
3. Mainframes are very powerful computers that can do many things at once. While only one person at a time can use a PC or Macintosh, hundred of people can use mainframe at once.
They are used in the
management of the large
database of government
or banks.

6. Types of computers
4. A personal digital assistant (PDA) or Penbook
Is a computer that is small enough to hold in one’s hand. They do not have keyboard but used with a light pen which is used to interact with the computer.
Also it can connected to
the computer to download
data and other operations.

7. Types of computers 5. Palm top
Computers that have the same as Penbook(PDA) but comes with mini keyboard instead of the pen

8. Types of computers 6. Super computers.
It represent the highest step in the computer hierarchy and only few examples of them are exist in the world.
1. They cost extremely high.
2. The cost of producing and maintaining a supercomputer is high.
3. They used for high-level
operations only

9. Types of computers Example :
Supercomputers are used to reduce traffic in the united states.
It is connected to many satellites which are watching the traffic, this will help the supercomputer to divert the traffic from busy roads to roads which have less traffic.

10. Types of computers 7. Server
The term server actually refers to a computer's function rather than to a specific kind of computer. A server runs a network of computers. It handles the sharing of equipment like printers and the communication between computers on the network

11. Servers
. For such tasks a computer would need to be somewhat more capable than a desktop computer. It would need:
more power
larger memory
larger storage capacity
high speed communication

12. What is the difference between mainframes and servers
client/server is a distributed network description. client PCs (with their own OS's and drives)on a network request info or program access from servers which have the databases or applications they wish to use. Mainframes are [like] giant servers only they serve dumb terminals. Those terminals have no drives, no independent OS..just a screen and keyboard. All data of any type is contained in the mainframe. Any info changed or added from a terminal changes the data in the mainframe. The most frequently used nowadays is the IBM model. Yes it's an old system

13. Embedded computer
An embedded computer is a single chip that contains all of the elements that are essential for any computer i.e.
RAM
ROM
CPU
Input
Output
Clock
Another term often used for an embedded computer is a 'micro controller'. This is because the main purpose of an embedded computer is to control something.

14. Embedded computer All of the following contain an embedded computer:
telephones
televisions
cameras
washing machines
microwave cookers
dishwashers
cars

15. What makes the computer powerful ?
Speed A computer can do billions of actions per second.
Reliability Failures are usually due to human error, one way or another. (Blush for us all!)
Storage A computer can keep huge amounts of data.

16. Hardware Vs. Software
Hardware : all electronic and mechanical components which makes up a computer.
Software : programs that tells the computer what to do, it means that we use it to make the computer work to process and manipulate data.

17. Computer Hardware Data flow in the computer Input Devices
Output Devices
Storage Devices
Processing unit (CPU)

18. Hardware components The case
Made of plastic or metal material whose function is to contain computer parts that makes up the PC.
The case has different shapes depending on the PC.
Desktop: usually placed horizontally under the monitor.
Tower : as the name implies it is vertical unit like a tower.

19. Hardware components Tower case Mini towers ( small PC)
Midi towers ( the most widespread PC)
High towers( more powerful PC like a server).
For the students :
What does the case contain ?

20. Hardware components
Peripheral : number of external components connected to the case.
Input peripheral : that allows user to input data to the computer.
Output peripheral : that allows the computer to supply information to the user.
All peripherals have their own “ Driver”, that is the program that allows the PC to recognize and use the device although modern operating systems classify the peripheral and make it immediately operative.

21. Hardware components Power supply:
Electricity enters the PC through this, its protected by a metal box.
Inside the metal box there is a transformer that convert Electricity into voltages necessary for all computer components.

22. Hardware components Motherboard
it’s one of the most important computer component, it can be considered as computer’s heart.
It’s a printed circuit to which a series of other component are connected.
What are the chipsets?
chipsets main controllers on the motherboard - they allow the CPU to interface with the various components and the motherboard

23. Computer Hardware Input Devices Main vocabulary: Input device.
Joystick
Keyboard
Microphone
Mouse
Peripheral
Port
scanner

24. Computer hardware
Input devices :allow the user to communicate with the computer because they permit the input data and documents.
Peripheral : anything connected to your computer.
Keyboard : its used to inter information in the form of words, number and punctuation.
Mouse : is used to control objects seen in the screen.
Scanner : collect information from the pictures and end them to the computer

25. Computer hardware
A port: allow users to connect external input devices to the computer.
A joystick : an input device that has buttons that can be pressed to send information to the computer.
A microphone : can be used to input audio such as music into the computer.

26. Computer hardware
Output devices : these allow the computer to communicate with the user. For example, by displaying the output in the screen or by generating sound .
Printer: transfer images from screen to papers.
A monitor: display information visually, just like television set.
Speaker : carry information in the form of sound.

27. Processing component Main vocabulary: Clock speed CPU Memory
Microprocessor
Motherboard
Ram
Rom
Process
Storage devices

28. Mother board
The motherboard is one of the most importance components in the PC, it can be considered the computer’s heart. It’s a printed circuit to which a series of other components are connected, from the microprocessor to the video card, the hard desk and other peripherals.

29. Mother board