1. ON- CAMPUS DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT BY LT COL (Rtd) J K KANDIE National Disaster Operations Centre State Department of Interior, Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government

2.  Introduction  Definitions  Disaster Cycle  Disaster Risk Management  Security Awareness  How to react in the event of attack  Q & A Scope 2

3. Established on January, 21st 1998 in response to the El Niño rains of 1997 and the August 1998 Bombing of the US Embassy HISTORICAL BACKGROUND NATIONAL DISASTER OPERATIONS CENTRE (NDOC): 3

4. Mission  To monitor, coordinate, mobilize and respond to disaster incidents in the country Vision  To be the leading focal point for disaster management & response in Kenya Mission & Vision 4

5. Mandate Monitor all disasters on 24 hrs, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. Mobilize national resources to combat rapid onset disasters. Co-ordinate disaster management activities. Collaborate and network with other stakeholders. Sensitize and inform the public on disaster related issues. 5

6. Roles And Responsibilities Coordination at the national level. Ensuring agencies are informed of the activation of disaster contingency plans. Translating the decisions of the National Disaster Coordination Committee (NDCC) into action. Prepare inventories for resources/assets countrywide. 6

7. Roles and responsibilities (…contd) Carryout Humanitarian needs Assessment. Develop a prioritized list of needs for donors. Prepare evacuation plans, shelter and refugee areas. 7

8. 8 NDOC UN, NGO, CBO COUNTIESX47 SUB-COUNTIES WARDS LOCATION Village LINE MINISTRIES LINKAGES

9. Disaster A Disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a society causing widespread human, material or environmental damage and losses which exceeds the ability of the affected community to cope using their own resources KOBE EARTHQUAKE – JAPAN 1995

10. Common disasters in Kenya Natural Disasters Earthquakes Droughts Famine Floods Landslides Pandemics Man-made Disasters Technological Accidents  Aircraft Crashes  Train Accidents  Road Accidents  Hazardous materials Terrorism Structural Collapse Fires Internal Conflicts

11. Risk Management Risk Management in disasters is the systematic process of identifying, analyzing, evaluating and responding to risk by applying risk management principles. It is the complete process of risk analysis and risk control. It involves the following:  Risk analysis of the available information to estimate the risk to population.  Recognizing preventive measures to minimize risk.  Implementing Contingency Plans to counter risk.

12. Disaster Risk Management Pre Disaster ActivitiesPost Disaster Activities Risk Identification MitigationPreparednessEmergency Response Rehabilitation and Reconstruction /Recovery Hazard Assessment (frequency and magnitude, location) Structural and non-structural works and Actions Warning systems, Communicatio n systems Humanitaria n assistance Rehabilitation and reconstruction of damaged infrastructure Vulnerability Assessment Fires Terrorism Structural collapse Students and Staff members Building code, Land use Contingency Planning S & R Evacuation Plans Clean up, temporary repairs and restoration of services Macroeconomic and budget management

13. Disaster Risk Management …contd Pre Disaster ActivitiesPost Disaster Activities Risk Identification MitigationPreparednessEmergency Response Rehabilitation and Reconstruction /Recovery Risk Assessment Financial incentives for preventive behaviour Network of emergency responders KRCS Damage assessment and identification of priorities for recovery Revitalization of affected sectors Hazard monitoring and forecasting Education training and awareness about risks and assessment Shelter facilities, evacuation plans Mobilization of recovery resources Incorporation of risk management in reconstruction process Build Back Better

14. The Disaster Risk Management Cycle describes the process through which emergency /disaster managers prepare for emergencies and disasters, respond to them when they occur, help people and institutions recover from them, mitigate their effects, reduce the risk of loss, and prevent disasters such as fires from occurring.

15. THE PROGRESSION OF VULNERABILITY 1 Underlying causes Poverty Limited access to - power structures - resources Ideologies Economic systems General pre-conditioning factors 2 Dynamic pressures Lack of - local institutions - education - training - appropriate skills - local investment - local markets - press freedom Macro-forces - population expansion - environmental degradation 3 Unsafe conditions Fragile physical environment - dangerous locations - dangerous buildings and infrastructure Fragile local economy - livelihoods at risk - low income levels Public actions DISASTER DISASTER = VULNERABILITY + HAZARD Trigger events Earthquake High winds Flooding Volcanic eruption Landslide Drought War, civil conflict Technological accident THE DISASTER CRUNCH MODEL

16. What Needs to Happen? Release the Pressures Create a safer world - [protect lives and property] Where possible manage the hazards [i.e. Warning systems Flood controls Wind breaks] Reduce Vulnerable Conditions Increase local capabilities Safe critical facilities to be built or strengthened Governments and local communities to prepare and protect

17. The Disaster Cycle X X X X X Disaster Impact Relief / Emergency Assistance (undertaken by Emergency Services National Disaster Office / home Ministry / Civil Defence / Military Rehabilitation Reconstruction (undertaken by Public Work / Contractors, Ministries of Finance Planning Agriculture Urban Development) Mitigation (undertaken by Contractors, Ministries of Planning/ Public Works / Agriculture / Water resources) Preparedness (undertaken by Emergency Services / National Disaster Office, Home Ministry / Education Ministry etc.) This reveals: 1.Sequence of actions 2.Imbalances 3.The Active / Pro- active phases of DM 4.Relationships

18. Preparedness Prepare It is the phase prior to the actual occurrence of a disaster event. Governments and Organizations undertake several preparations. The aims of activities in the preparedness phase are: To save lives from the expected disaster Minimize disaster damage Enhance disaster response operations when the disaster eventually occurs. Carrying out emergency exercises/training Activities include Training / Drills

19. Response Phase Response phase is the phase that immediately follows a disaster event. The activities in the response phase are aimed at: Providing emergency assistance for casualties Reducing the probability of secondary damage Speeding recovery operations

20. Recovery Phase Recovery phase starts when the disaster has been contained or brought under control. The recovery activities aim at restoring all systems in the area affected by the disaster to normal or better.

21. Recovery Phase The measures put in place in the recovery phase are: Returning vital life-support systems to minimum operating standards Providing damage insurance, loans and grants Providing temporary housing Providing long-term medical care for the affected population. Providing disaster unemployment insurance

22. Recovery Phase …..contd Provision of counseling programs Provide public information necessary to help people in their recovery efforts Provide health and safety education Reconstruction of critical infrastructure Carrying out economic impact studies

23. Mitigation The mitigation phase starts when disaster management improvements have been made in anticipation of the next disaster event. In mitigation phase, various activities and measures are undertaken to eliminate or reduce the probability of occurrence of another disaster, or reduce the effects of unavoidable disasters

24. Security awareness 11June 2015

25. TERRORISM OVERVIEW Definition: A terrorist is an individual who uses terror to achieve a political end. Terrorism knows no borders Causes loss of life and property Perpetrated by clandestine groups Requires joint efforts to combat Complex in nature 9/7/2015 SECURITY AWARENESS 25

26. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO TERRORISM  Political : Unpopular, repressive or corrupt governments  Social : Gross discrimination  Economic : Extreme poverty or unemployment,  Ideological : Divergence of Political ideology,  Geopolitical : Border disputes,  Religious: Religious strife, or religious violence  Foreign influence : Foreign support of dissident activities. 7 September 2015 SECURITY AWARENESS ) 26

27. METHODS OF EXECUTING TERRORISM  Bombing : Using car bombs, parcel bombs, suicide bombers, road side IED’s, and remotely controlled devices.  Assassinations  Hostage taking  Hijacking  Others : assault, arson, kidnapping etc. 7 September 2015 SECURITY AWARENESS ) 27

28. SUICIDE ATTACKER INDICATORS Alone and nervous. Loose and/or bulky clothing (may not fit weather condition). Exposed wire (possibly through sleeves). Rigid mid-section (explosive device or may be carrying a rifle) Tightened hands (may hold detonation device). 7 September 2015 SECURITY AWARENESS 28

29. SECURITY roles Access control  Vetting of all guests and staff  Manning the barrier  Recording entries/exits Surveillance detecting equipment  Checking entries/exits- by use of detectors Perimeter security Patrolling around the facility Parking control Reporting of suspicion persons. 7 September 2015 SECURITY AWARENESS 29

30. SCREENING OF PASSENGER/LUGGAGES.  -Change of screening procedure occasionally  -Terrorist disguising as Christians, or any other person.  -Electronically screening of luggage 30

31. What should you do in case of a terror attack ? Run Hide Fight back

32. HOW TO RESPOND WHEN AN ACTIVE SHOOTER IS IN YOUR VICINITY Quickly determine the most reasonable way to protect your own life. 1. Flee If there is an accessible escape path, attempt to evacuate the premises. Be sure to: – Have an escape route and plan in mind – Evacuate regardless of whether others agree to follow – Leave your belongings behind – Help others escape, if possible – Prevent individuals from entering an area where the active shooter may be – Keep your hands visible – Follow the instructions of any police officers – Do not attempt to move wounded people – Call 999 when you are safe

33. Hide out If evacuation is not possible, find a place to hide where the active shooter is less likely to find you. Your hiding place should: Be out of the active shooter’s view Provide protection if shots are fired in your direction (i.e., an office with a closed and locked door) Not trap you or restrict your options for movement To prevent an active shooter from entering your hiding place: – Lock the door – Blockade the door with heavy furniture If the active shooter is nearby: Lock the door Silence your cell phone Turn off any source of noise (i.e., radios, televisions) Hide behind large items (i.e., cabinets, desks) Remain quiet

34. Take action against the active shooter If close to the shooter, and only when your life is in imminent danger, attempt to disrupt and/or incapacitate the active shooter by:  Acting as aggressively as possible against him/her  Throwing items and improvising weapons  Yelling  Be courageous and committed to your actions

35. SUMMARY Good practices in the event of terror attack Be aware of your environment and any possible dangers Take note of the two nearest exits in any facility you visit If you are in an office, stay there and secure the door If you are in a hallway, get into a room and secure the door As a last resort, attempt to take the active shooter down. When the shooter is at close range and you cannot flee, your chance of survival is much greater if you try to incapacitate him/her CALL 999 WHEN IT IS SAFE TO DO SO

36. How to react when law enforcement arrives: Remain calm, and follow officers’ instructions Put down any items in your hands (i.e., bags, jackets) Immediately raise hands and spread fingers Keep hands visible at all times Avoid making quick movements toward officers such as holding on to them for safety Avoid pointing, screaming and/or yelling Do not stop to ask officers for help or direction when evacuating, just proceed in the direction from which officers are entering the premises