1. Chapter 1 Should FEMA Be Reorganized? Copyright © 2015 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

2. FEMA History Established by President Jimmy Carter in 1979 Brought together five agencies to create FEMA Including the Pentagon's Defense Civil Preparedness Agency Department of Housing and Urban Development's Federal Disaster Assistance Administration Copyright © 2015 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

3. FEMA The first disaster that FEMA responded to was the Love Canal in Niagara Falls, New York in the late 1970s Also responded to the Three Mile Island disaster Responded to Hurricane Hugo Responded to Loma Prieta earthquake Copyright © 2015 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

4. FEMA President Reagan made some changes to FEMA when he came into office Assigned the agency a broader mandate so that FEMA become responsible for evacuation and warning programs, prevention and response efforts Copyright © 2015 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

5. FEMA FEMA’s ability to respond was tested by Hurricane Andrew Big Fail on the part of FEMA as the public saw it Victims complained that FEMA was too slow and disorganized FEMA’s credibility was shot in the eyes of the public Copyright © 2015 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

6. FEMA President Clinton raised FEMA to a Cabinet-level agency, hired a new director, James Lee Witt, along with other personnel and increased the agencies budget Also streamlined the types of response methods Copyright © 2015 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

7. FEMA The changes Clinton made proved to be beneficial as FEMA was more successful at helping people given the new changes to the organization FEMA’s reputation seemed to be saved based on the changes Clinton implemented Copyright © 2015 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

8. FEMA President George W Bush reorganized the agency again This time the agency was stripped of much of its authority, money and essential staff Became evident once Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005 100,000 families were left homeless and 90% of the city buildings were destroyed Many residents did not evacuate because local officials waited too long to issue an evacuation order Copyright © 2015 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

9. FEMA FEMA’s response was again slow and confused during Hurricane Katrina Residents and local officials complained that FEMA asked victims to register online or via phone before they could get help, noting that most did not have working power or electricity to do so Copyright © 2015 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

10. FEMA NIMS National Incident Management System None of the staff was properly trained on the NIMS system, which was a huge failure during Hurricane Katrina 20,000 public school kids still did not attend school two months after the storm had hit Copyright © 2015 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

11. The full set of PowerPoint slides is available upon adoption. Email bhall@cap-press.com for more information.