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Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology Fifth edition Seeley, Stephens and Tate Slide 2.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chapter 5: Integumentary System
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Skin and Body Membranes Slide 4.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Function of body membranes Line or cover body surfaces Protect body surfaces Lubricate body surfaces
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Classification of Body Membranes Slide 4.2 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Epithelial membranes Cutaneous membrane Mucous membrane Serous membrane Connective tissue membranes
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Cutaneous Membrane Slide 4.3 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cutaneous membrane = skin A dry membrane Outermost protective boundary Superficial epidermis Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Underlying dermis Mostly dense connective tissue Figure 4.1a
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Mucous Membranes Slide 4.4 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Surface epithelium Underlying loose C.T. (lamina propria) Lines body cavities that open to the exterior Function in absorption or secretion Figure 4.1b
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Serous Membranes Slide 4.5 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Surface: simple squamous epithelium Underlying loose C.T. Lines body cavities that are closed Serous layers separated by serous fluid Figure 4.1c
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Serous Membranes Slide 4.6 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Specific serous membranes Peritoneum Abdominal cavity Pleura Around the lungs Pericardium Around the heart Figure 4.1d
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Connective Tissue Membrane Slide 4.7 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Synovial membrane Connective tissue only Lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints Figure 4.2
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Integumentary System Slide 4.8 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin (cutaneous membrane) Skin derivatives Sweat glands Oil glands Hairs Nails
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Skin Functions Slide 4.9a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Protects deeper tissues from: Mechanical damage Chemical damage Bacterial damage Thermal damage Ultraviolet radiation Desiccation
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Skin Functions Slide 4.9b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Aids in heat regulation Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid Synthesizes vitamin D
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Skin Structure Slide 4.10a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Epidermis – outer layer Stratified squamous epithelium Often keratinized (hardened by keratin) Dermis Dense irregular connective tissue
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Skin Structure Slide 4.13b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.4
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Skin Structure Slide 4.10b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Deep to dermis is the hypodermis Not “part” of the skin Termed “subcutaneous tissue” Anchors skin to underlying organs Composed mostly of adipose tissue
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Skin Structure Slide 4.13b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.4
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Dermis Slide 4.13a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Two layers Papillary layer Projections called dermal papillae Pain receptors Capillary loops Reticular layer Blood vessels Glands Nerve receptors
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Skin Structure Slide 4.13b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.4
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Normal Skin Color Determinants Slide 4.14 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Melanin Yellow, brown or black pigments Produced by melanocytes Carotene Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables
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Normal Skin Color Determinants Slide 4.14 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hemoglobin Red coloring from blood cells in dermis capillaries Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring
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Appendages of the Skin Slide 4.15 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sebaceous glands Produce oil Most with ducts that empty into hair follicles Glands are activated at puberty Sweat glands Widely distributed in skin
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Skin Structure Slide 4.13b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.4
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Sweat and Its Function Slide 4.17 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Composition Mostly water Some metabolic waste Function Helps dissipate excess heat Excretes waste products Low pH inhibits bacterial growth
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Hair Structures Slide 4.20 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hair follicle Dermal and epidermal sheath surround hair root Arrector pilli Smooth muscle Sebaceous gland Sweat gland Figure 4.7a
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Skin Homeostatic Imbalances: FYI Slide 4.23 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Infections Athletes foot Caused by fungal infection Boils and carbuncles Caused by bacterial infection Cold sores Caused by virus
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Skin Homeostatic Imbalances: FYI Slide 4.24 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Infections and allergies Contact dermatitis Exposures cause allergic reaction Impetigo Caused by bacterial infection Psoriasis Cause is unknown Triggered by trauma, infection, stress
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Skin Homeostatic Imbalances: FYI Slide 4.25 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Burns Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals Associated dangers Dehydration Electrolyte imbalance Circulatory shock
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Severity of Burns: FYI Slide 4.27 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings First-degree burns Only epidermis is damaged Skin is red and swollen Second degree burns Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged Skin is red with blisters Third-degree burns Destroys entire skin layer Burn is gray-white or black
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Skin Cancer: FYI Slide 4.29 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cancer – abnormal cell mass Two types Benign Does not spread (encapsulated) Malignant Metastasized (moves) to other parts of the body Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer
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Skin Cancer Types: FYI Slide 4.30 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Basal cell carcinoma Least malignant Most common type Squamous cell carcinoma Metastasizes to lymph nodes Early removal allows a good chance of cure
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Skin Cancer Types: FYI Slide 4.31 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Malignant melanoma Most deadly of skin cancers Cancer of melanocytes Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels Detection uses ABCD rule
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ABCD Rule: FYI Slide 4.32 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings A = Asymmetry Two sides of pigmented mole do not match B = Border irregularity Borders of mole are not smooth C = Color Different colors in pigmented area D = Diameter Spot is larger than 6 mm in diameter
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